堅(jiān)持：insist on

“堅(jiān)持”是翻譯中非常常見的一個(gè)詞，insist (on)?也是國內(nèi)譯者經(jīng)常使用的一個(gè)譯法。我們來看幾個(gè)翻譯實(shí)踐的例子。以下幾個(gè)翻譯選自幾份中國500強(qiáng)企業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展報(bào)告：

• 堅(jiān)持合規(guī)運(yùn)營：insisted on compliance operation

• 堅(jiān)持實(shí)干精神：the Company will insist on enterprising spirit

• 堅(jiān)持做優(yōu)做強(qiáng)主業(yè)：insisted on optimizing and strengthening core business

• 堅(jiān)持依法納稅：insists on paying taxes legally

雖然我們最熟悉的insist的意思確實(shí)是“堅(jiān)持”，但是使用起來一定要謹(jǐn)慎，注意體會(huì)這個(gè)單詞獨(dú)有的意味。

我們通過英文釋義來了解一下insist的三個(gè)主要意思：

01?堅(jiān)稱?to say firmly and often that something is true, especially when other people think it may not be true

例：He still insists that he didn’t do it. 他還是堅(jiān)持說不是他干的。

02?堅(jiān)持要求、堅(jiān)持主張（= demand）to say that you must have something; to ask for (something) earnestly or with authority

例：I insist that you stay for dinner. 你一定得留下吃飯。

03?堅(jiān)持（尤其是麻煩或者令人討厭的事情）?to keep doing something that annoys people; to keep doing something, especially something that is inconvenient or annoying; to keep doing something, even if it annoys other people, or people think it is not good for you 有一層不顧勸阻或反對(duì)的意味，有時(shí)候會(huì)翻譯成“偏要”“非要”。

例：He insisted on coming along. 他非要跟著一起來。

因此，我們可以看出，insist (on)在開頭幾個(gè)例子中的使用并不是十分恰當(dāng)。

堅(jiān)持：adhere to / stick to

除了insist (on) 之外，“堅(jiān)持”很多時(shí)候也被直接譯為?adhere to?或?stick to，表示堅(jiān)持一種原則、做法、決定等等。

這兩個(gè)詞組在意思上是沒問題的，“堅(jiān)持”在這些語境中有實(shí)際意義。不過，需要我們留意的是，有時(shí)候“堅(jiān)持”在句子中更像一個(gè)虛詞，并不需要被翻譯出來。

翻譯“堅(jiān)持” 的4種思路

以十九大報(bào)告以及近兩年的政府工作報(bào)告為例。此類報(bào)告中多處出現(xiàn)“堅(jiān)持”，比如“堅(jiān)持…的基調(diào)”“堅(jiān)持改革開放”“堅(jiān)持實(shí)干興邦”等等，官方的英文版也呈現(xiàn)了比較多樣的表達(dá)方式。

這里我簡(jiǎn)單把“堅(jiān)持”的翻譯分為四種常見的情況：

1?第一種情況，“堅(jiān)持”有實(shí)際意義，譯為adhere to, stick to, uphold, 或 be committed to

• 我們堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)We have?upheld the underlying principle of?pursuing progress while ensuring stability

• 堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：uphold the leadership of the Party

• 堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則We must?uphold the Four Cardinal Principles.

2?第二種情況，“堅(jiān)持”側(cè)重于一種時(shí)間上的延續(xù)，可以譯為continue to do 或 continuously do sth，一直做、持續(xù)做。

• 堅(jiān)持改革開放：continue to?reform and open up

• 堅(jiān)持解放思想、實(shí)事求是、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、求真務(wù)實(shí)：It?has continued to?free our minds, seek truth from facts, move with the times, and apply a realistic and pragmatic approach.

• 堅(jiān)持實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策 We?continued to?pursue a proactive fiscal policy

3?第三種情況，“堅(jiān)持”更像一個(gè)虛詞?！皥?jiān)持做一件事”，我們可以去掉“堅(jiān)持”，通過使用對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)直接表達(dá)做這件事。這樣，在翻譯的過程中我們就把動(dòng)詞從“堅(jiān)持”這個(gè)虛詞轉(zhuǎn)移到“做”這個(gè)動(dòng)作本身。所以具體用哪一個(gè)動(dòng)詞就變得非常靈活，取決于它的賓語是什么。

• 堅(jiān)持實(shí)干興邦：we must?do the good solid work?that sees our country thrive.

  思路：去掉“堅(jiān)持”，使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，后面跟真正的動(dòng)詞“實(shí)干”，這里翻譯為do the good solid work，“興邦”的翻譯是用了一個(gè)定語從句。

• 堅(jiān)持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo) Our Party?has been guided by?Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development.

  思路：使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表明了某個(gè)動(dòng)作或其影響一直延續(xù)至今。去掉“堅(jiān)持”，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤耙浴瓰橹笇?dǎo)（to be guided by）。

• 堅(jiān)持群防群控，堅(jiān)持“四早”：We?have carried out?a society-wide prevention and control effort and?ensured?early detection, reporting, quarantine, and treatment of cases.思路：去掉“堅(jiān)持”，使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，分別選擇了可以搭配“effort”和“detection, reporting, quarantine, and treatment”的動(dòng)詞carry out 和 ensure。

• 堅(jiān)持把人民生命安全和身體健康放在第一位：XX?puts?the health and safety of our people?beforeeverything else思路：去掉“堅(jiān)持”，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)本身就表示一種慣常的、沒有例外的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞使用了put sth. before sth. else 這樣一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。

• 堅(jiān)持實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策：We?maintained?a prudent monetary policy思路：去掉“堅(jiān)持”，使用一般過去式（時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體語境確定），動(dòng)詞使用了可以跟policy搭配的maintain。

4?第四種情況，除了去掉虛詞、直接換成對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之外，我們根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，還可以靈活使用介詞短語、副詞短語以及非謂語動(dòng)詞等結(jié)構(gòu)，如in keeping with, consistent with等。

修改

根據(jù)上面的思路，我們?cè)囍鴣硇薷奈恼麻_頭的這幾個(gè)例子：

堅(jiān)持合規(guī)運(yùn)營 insisted on compliance operation

1）去掉“堅(jiān)持”，選擇一個(gè)合適的實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，這里使用ensure。2）“合規(guī)運(yùn)營”可以使用compliance的名詞或形容詞形式?？梢愿臑椋?strong>we ensure compliance in operations /?we ensure compliant operations

堅(jiān)持實(shí)干精神：the Company will insist on enterprising spirit

“實(shí)干精神”可去掉“精神”，直接譯為“實(shí)干”本身所指的內(nèi)容，比如hard work; to work hard, to do solid work, to deliver solid work, to adopt a pragmatic approach ,to be doers 等。可以改為：the Company will continue to deliver solid work / the Company will continue to adopt a pragmatic approach

堅(jiān)持做優(yōu)做強(qiáng)主業(yè)：insisted on optimizing and strengthening core business

去掉“堅(jiān)持”，使用“做”作為動(dòng)詞。具體說法比較靈活。例如，可以改為：continued to strengthen and expand our core businesses? /?supported our core businesses in becoming better and stronger

堅(jiān)持依法納稅：XX insists on paying taxes legally

去掉“堅(jiān)持”，選擇一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。原翻譯所使用的legally并不準(zhǔn)確，在這句話中的意思是以一種合法的方式納稅，而原文的意思是按照法律的要求納稅，所以也需要修改。

可以改為：**We pay our taxes as legally required / We pay our taxes as required by law；**再發(fā)散一下也可以說成?We fulfill our obligations as a law-abiding taxpayer.