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CMOS集成電路工藝基本流程

2023-07-10 21:04 作者:傻麗公主  | 我要投稿

CMOS集成電路基本工藝流程

basic process flow of CMOS integrated circuits

一、反相器版圖 (layout of an inverter)

展現(xiàn)版圖層次(show all the layers of the layout):

二、工藝流程

(一)

1、通過熱氧化形成二氧化硅薄膜 (silicon oxide film is formed by thermal oxidizing)

2、通過CVD形成氮化硅薄膜 (silicon nitride film is formed using the CVD method)

3、旋涂光刻膠 (spin-on photoresist)

4、使用active掩模板(Dark tone)(use mask of active (Dark tone) )

5、曝光 (expose)

沒有被active圖形覆蓋的光刻膠均被曝光(all the photoresist uncovered by active pattern are exposed)

6、顯影(develop)

圖形被轉(zhuǎn)移至光刻膠(a photoresist pattern is formed)

7、刻蝕氮化硅薄膜(etching the silicon nitride film)


8、刻蝕硅襯底形成淺溝槽(shallow trenches are cut by etching the silicon wafer)


(二)N阱

10、通過CVD方法對溝槽填充厚二氧化硅

(trenches are filled by forming a thick silicon oxide film using the CVD method)

拋光后通過化學(xué)方法去除氧化硅(the silicon nitride film is removed using chemical treatment after polishing)


11、旋涂光刻膠(spin-on photoresist)

12、使用Nwell掩模板(Clear tone)(use mask of Nwell (Clear tone))

13、曝光(expose)

被Nwell圖形覆蓋的光刻膠均被曝光(all the photoresist covered by Nwell pattern are exposed)

14、顯影(develop)

圖形被轉(zhuǎn)移至光刻膠(a photoresist pattern is formed)

15、在Nwell區(qū)域進行N型離子注入(N-type impurities are implanted in the Nwell area)

未被光刻膠覆蓋的區(qū)域才能被注入雜質(zhì)

(only the area uncovered by photoresist can be implanted)

16、Nwell形成并去除光刻膠(Nwell is formed followed by removing photoresist)

(三)柵極

17、通過CVD形成多晶硅/旋涂光刻膠/使用gate掩模板(Dark tone)

18、曝光(expose)

沒有被gate圖形覆蓋的光刻膠均被曝光(all the photoresist uncovered by gate pattern are exposed)

19、顯影(develop)

20、通過刻蝕氧化硅和柵氧化層形成柵極

(the gate is formed by etching the polysilicon and gate oxide film)

(四)nldd區(qū)域

21、旋涂光刻膠/使用nldd掩模板(Clear tone)(spin-on photoresist/use mask of nldd(Clear tone))

nldd層是基于n+層進行計算得到(nldd layer is calculated based on n-plus layer)

22、曝光(expose)

被nldd圖形覆蓋的光刻膠均被曝光(all the photoresist covered by nldd pattern are exposed)

23、顯影(develop)

24、在nldd區(qū)域進行N型離子注入(N-type impurities are implanted in the nldd area)

25、N型輕摻雜形成并去除光刻膠(nldd is formed followed by removing photoresist)

(五)pldd區(qū)域

26、旋涂光刻膠(spin-on photoresist)

27、使用pldd掩模板(Clear tone)(use mask of pldd (Clear tone))

pldd層是基于p+進行計算得到的(pldd layer is calculated based on p-plus layer)

28、曝光(exposure)

被pldd圖形覆蓋的光刻膠均被曝光(all the photoresist covered by pldd pattern are exposed)

29、顯影(develop)

30、在pldd區(qū)域進行P型離子注入(P-type impurities are implanted in the pldd area)

31、P型輕摻雜形成并去除光刻膠(pldd is formed followed by removing photoresist)

32、通過CVD方法全局沉淀二氧化硅薄膜(a silicon oxide film is formed using the CVD method)

33、通過二氧化硅進行各向異性刻蝕在柵極兩側(cè)形成側(cè)墻

(anisotropic etching is performed to leave an oxide film only at the gate side walls)

(六)n+區(qū)域

34、旋涂光刻膠/使用n+掩模板(Clear tone)(spin-on photoresist/ use mask of n-plus(Clear tone))


35、曝光(exposure)

36、顯影(develop)

37、在n+區(qū)域進行N型離子注入(N-type impurities are implanted in the n-plus area)

38、N+注入形成并去除光刻膠(n-plus is formed followed by removing photoresist)

(七)p+區(qū)域

39、旋涂光刻膠/使用p+掩模板(spin-on photoresist/ use mask of p-plus(Clear tone))


40、曝光(exposure)

41、顯影(develop)

42、在p+區(qū)域進行P型離子注入(P-type impurities are implanted in the p-plus area)

43、P+注入形成并去除光刻膠(p-plus is formed by removing photoresist)


44、通過PVD在晶圓表面濺射金屬鈷薄膜(a cobalt film is formed on the silicon wafer surface using the PVD)

45、通過加熱使與硅接觸的鈷變成金屬硅化物(through heating, the cobalt that is in contact to silicon changes to cobalt silicide )

46、通過化學(xué)腐蝕去除掉剩余的金屬鈷薄膜

(the remained cobalt film is removed selectively by chemical etching)

47、通過CVD在晶圓表面形成厚二氧化硅膜

(a thick film of silicon oxide is formed on the wafer surface using CVD method)

(八)打contact

48、旋涂光刻膠/使用contact 掩模板(spin-on photoresist/ use mask of contact(Clear tone))


49、曝光(exposure)

50、顯影(develop)

51、通過刻蝕處理在二氧化硅電介質(zhì)層上形成接觸孔

(contact holes are formed in the dielectric film by etching treatment)

52、刻蝕接觸空后去除光刻膠(after etching, the photoresist is removed)

53、通過CVD沉積金屬鎢(a tungsten film is formed using CVD method)


54、通過拋光去除多余金屬鎢,僅保留通孔中的鎢

(the surface is polished and excess tungsten film is removed. Tungsten is left only in the contact holes.)


(九)M1

55、通過PVD在晶圓表面濺射M1(a thick film of metal 1 is formed using the PVD method)

56、旋涂光刻膠/使用M1掩模板(Dark tone)(spin-on photoresist/ use mask of M1(Clear tone))

57、曝光(exposure)

58、顯影(develop)



59、通過刻蝕去除未被光刻膠覆蓋的M1(M1 uncovered by photoresist are all removed through etching)

60、去除光刻膠,保留M1圖形(M1 patterns are remained after removing photoresist)







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