【文獻速遞】【Nature】【2022年】【11月】
聲明：本專欄主要對生命科學領(lǐng)域的一些期刊文章標題進行翻譯，所有內(nèi)容均由本人手工整理翻譯。由于本人專業(yè)為生物分析相關(guān)，其他領(lǐng)域如果出現(xiàn)翻譯錯誤請諒解。
熱應(yīng)激
The cover shows a Sylvia’s leaf frog (Cruziohyla sylviae) in Costa Rica. The biological processes of ectotherms, such as amphibians, insects and fish, are directly affected by temperature, which means even small rises can cause significant problems. In this week’s issue, Johannes Overgaard and his colleagues examine the potential effects of climate change on these creatures. The researchers find that in the range of temperatures deemed as broadly survivable, for every rise in temperature of 1 °C, the rate of biological processes maintaining growth, homeostasis and ageing increases by 7%. But for every 1 °C rise in the range of temperatures deemed potentially dangerous, the rate of heat failure, which leads to death, increases by more than 100%. The team notes that this sensitivity to extreme heat in ectotherms is expected to lead to greater mortality as the frequency and intensity of heatwaves increases.
封面展示的是哥斯達黎加的西爾維亞葉蛙（Cruziohyla sylviae）。兩棲動物、昆蟲和魚類等變溫動物的生物過程直接受溫度影響，這意味著即使是小幅上升也會導致嚴重問題。在本周的期刊中，Johannes Overgaard和他的同事研究了氣候變化對這些生物的潛在影響。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在被認為可以廣泛生存的溫度范圍內(nèi)，溫度每升高1°C，維持生長、體內(nèi)平衡和衰老的生物過程的速率就會增加7%。但是，在被認為具有潛在危險的溫度范圍內(nèi)每升高1°C，導致死亡的熱故障率就會增加100%以上。該團隊指出，隨著熱浪頻率和強度的增加，變溫動物對極端高溫的這種敏感性預(yù)計會導致更高的死亡率。
Adding nutrients to soil or removing grazing herbivores such as sheep reduces plant diversity in grasslands. In this week’s issue, Anu Eskelinen and her colleagues show that a key factor driving this reduction is competition among plant species for light. Working on German grassland, the researchers used lamps placed close to ground level to counteract the shading effect from vigorous growth in taller plants. They found that although the addition of nutrients and the removal of herbivores promoted the growth of tall plants, reduced light levels and decreased diversity, the introduction of light close to the ground could offset this and helped to maintain diversity. These results suggest that both native and domesticated grazing animals could help to protect biodiversity in grasslands.
向土壤中添加養(yǎng)分或移除放牧的食草動物（例如綿羊）會減少草原上的植物多樣性。在本周的期刊中，Anu Eskelinen和她的同事表明，推動這種減少的一個關(guān)鍵因素是植物物種之間對光的競爭。在德國草原上工作時，研究人員使用靠近地面放置的燈來抵消較高植物旺盛生長帶來的遮蔭效果。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然添加養(yǎng)分和去除食草動物促進了高大植物的生長，降低了光照水平并降低了多樣性，但引入靠近地面的光照可以抵消這一點并有助于保持多樣性。這些結(jié)果表明，本地和馴養(yǎng)的放牧動物都有助于保護草原的生物多樣性。
填補空白
A lack of data on economic outcomes hinders development and evaluation of public policy in many parts of the world. In this week’s issue, Marshall Burke and his colleagues show how satellite imagery can be combined with machine learning to help plug this data gap. The researchers focused on the expansion of the electricity grid in Uganda. Using satellite imagery and local survey data on household wealth, the team trained a neural network to predict the economic outcomes for households throughout the country, including those that had recently been connected to the electricity grid. The results affirmed a positive causal link between electricity access and asset wealth in rural villages.
缺乏經(jīng)濟成果數(shù)據(jù)阻礙了世界許多地方公共政策的制定和評估。在本周的期刊中，馬歇爾·伯克（Marshall Burke）和他的同事展示了如何將衛(wèi)星圖像與機器學習相結(jié)合，以幫助填補這一數(shù)據(jù)缺口。研究人員專注于烏干達電網(wǎng)的擴建。該團隊利用衛(wèi)星圖像和當?shù)丶彝ヘ敻徽{(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，訓練了一個神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來預(yù)測全國家庭的經(jīng)濟成果，包括那些最近連接到電網(wǎng)的家庭。結(jié)果證實了農(nóng)村電力供應(yīng)與資產(chǎn)財富之間存在正因果關(guān)系。
泵，休息，泄漏，重復
The cover illustration shows vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases, large blue structures) on a synaptic vesicle from a nerve cell in the mammalian brain. V-ATPases pump protons across cellular membranes, and in neurons this process is essential for loading neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. In this week’s issue, Dimitrios Stamou and his colleagues shed light on V-ATPase dynamics in single native synaptic vesicles. By imaging proton-pumping at the single-molecule level, the researchers were able to see that V-ATPases do not pump continuously but instead switch between three distinct modes: proton-pumping, inactive and proton-leaking. The team suggests that this could indicate a broader biological role for ultraslow mode-switching in protein regulation.
封面插圖顯示了哺乳動物大腦神經(jīng)細胞的突觸小泡上的液泡型三磷酸腺苷酶（V-ATP酶，大的藍色結(jié)構(gòu)）。V-ATP酶泵送質(zhì)子穿過細胞膜，在神經(jīng)元中，這個過程對于將神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)加載到突觸小泡中至關(guān)重要。在本周的期刊中，Dimitrios Stamou和他的同事闡明了單個天然突觸小泡中的V-ATPase動力學。通過在單分子水平上對質(zhì)子泵浦進行成像，研究人員能夠看到V-ATP酶不會連續(xù)泵送，而是在三種不同的模式之間切換：質(zhì)子泵、不活躍和質(zhì)子泄漏。該團隊認為，這可能表明超慢速模式切換在蛋白質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)中具有更廣泛的生物學作用。
1.Glaciers sparked volcanism that harmed ocean health
冰川引發(fā)火山活動傷害了海洋的健康
2.An exceptional fossil lizard from the Jurassic period
侏羅紀時期的特殊化石蜥蜴
3.Electrons turn a piece of wire into a laser-like light source
電子將一塊電線變成激光樣光源
4.The point of no return for species facing heatwaves
面對熱浪的物種沒有回報的點
5.Assembly surprise for membrane proteins
膜蛋白的組裝驚喜
6.An optical atomic clock based on a highly charged ion
基于高電荷離子的光原子鐘
7.Spontaneous generation and active manipulation of real-space optical vortices
真實空間光學渦旋的自發(fā)產(chǎn)生和主動操縱
8.Coherent surface plasmon polariton amplification via free-electron pumping
通過自由電子抽水的相干表面等離子體極化擴增
9.Strain-retardant coherent perovskite phase stabilized Ni-rich cathode
應(yīng)變-粘附相干鈣鈦礦相穩(wěn)定富含Ni的陰極
10.3D-printed machines that manipulate microscopic objects using capillary forces
3D打印機使用毛細力操縱微觀物體
11.Volcanic trigger of ocean deoxygenation during Cordilleran ice sheet retreat
海洋冰蓋靜修期間海洋脫氧的火山扳機
12.Global trends of cropland phosphorus use and sustainability challenges
農(nóng)田磷的全球趨勢和可持續(xù)性挑戰(zhàn)
13.Calcium dissolution in bridgmanite in the Earth’s deep mantle
地球深地幔中鈣在鈣錳礦中的溶解
14.Extreme escalation of heat failure rates in ectotherms with global warming
隨著全球變暖，變溫動物的熱衰竭率急劇上升
15.Synchrotron tomography of a stem lizard elucidates early squamate anatomy
莖蜥蜴的同步加速器斷層掃描闡明了早期鱗狀解剖結(jié)構(gòu)
16.Nuclear-embedded mitochondrial DNA sequences in 66,083 human genomes
66,083個人類基因組中的核包埋線粒體DNA
17.Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
中風遺傳學為跨祖先的藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)和風險預(yù)測提供了信息
18.Behavioural and dopaminergic signatures of resilience
彈性的行為和多巴胺能特征
19.Adenylate cyclase activity of TIR1/AFB auxin receptors in plants
植物中TIR1/AFB生長素受體的腺苷酸環(huán)化酶活性
20.Dysregulated naive B cells and de novo autoreactivity in severe COVID-19
嚴重COVID-19中初始B細胞失調(diào)和新生自身反應(yīng)性
21.LRRC15+ myofibroblasts dictate the stromal setpoint to suppress tumour immunity
LRRC15+肌纖維細胞決定基質(zhì)設(shè)定點抑制腫瘤免疫力
22.Neoadjuvant relatlimab and nivolumab in resectable melanoma
可切除黑色素瘤的新輔助relatlimab和nivolumab
23.Mechanism of an intramembrane chaperone for multipass membrane proteins
膜內(nèi)伴侶的多通道膜蛋白的機理
24.Substrate-driven assembly of a translocon for multipass membrane proteins
多通道膜蛋白轉(zhuǎn)位子的底物驅(qū)動組裝
25.Non-canonical β-adrenergic activation of ERK at endosomes
ERK在內(nèi)體的非典型β-腎上腺素能激活
26.Bestrophin-2 and glutamine synthetase form a complex for glutamate release
Bestrophin-2和谷氨酰胺合成酶形成谷氨酸釋放的復合物
27.Ancient DNA reveals rapid natural selection during the Black Death
古老的DNA揭示了黑死病期間快速自然選擇
28.Superfluid system hosts early-Universe dynamics
超流體系統(tǒng)托管早期的動力學
29.Shedding light on declines in diversity of grassland plants
闡明了草原植物多樣性的下降
30.Catching actin proteins in action
捕捉活動中的肌動蛋白
31.A molecular flip-flop for separating heavy water
用于分離重水的分子觸發(fā)器
32.Origin of life-forming volatile elements in the inner Solar System
內(nèi)部太陽系中生命形成的揮發(fā)性元素的起源
33.Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images
透鏡圖像中紅移3處紅超超新星的驟冷
34.Quantum field simulator for dynamics in curved spacetime
彎曲時空動力學的量子場模擬器
35.Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions
測得的質(zhì)子電磁結(jié)構(gòu)偏離理論預(yù)測
36.A solution-processed n-type conducting polymer with ultrahigh conductivity
具有超高電導率的溶液處理的N型導電聚合物
37.Surface reaction for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells
表面反應(yīng)用于有效且穩(wěn)定的倒置鈣鈦礦太陽能電池
38.Functional CeOx nanoglues for robust atomically dispersed catalysts
功能性CeOx納米膠用于穩(wěn)健的原子分散催化劑
39.Separating water isotopologues using diffusion-regulatory porous materials
使用擴散調(diào)節(jié)多孔材料分離水同位素
40.Two annual cycles of the Pacific cold tongue under orbital precession
軌道進動下太平洋冷舌的兩個年度周期
41.Light competition drives herbivore and nutrient effects on plant diversity
輕型競爭推動了食草動物和營養(yǎng)對植物多樣性的影響
42.Environmental signal in the evolutionary diversification of bird skeletons
鳥類骨骼進化多樣性中的環(huán)境信號
43.Evolution of immune genes is associated with the Black Death
免疫基因的進化與黑死病有關(guān)
44.Fast resupply of synaptic vesicles requires synaptotagmin-3
突觸囊泡的快速補給需要突觸結(jié)合蛋白3
45.Viruses inhibit TIR gcADPR signalling to overcome bacterial defence
病毒抑制TIR gcADPR信號傳導以克服細菌防御
46.A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat
結(jié)束COVID-19公共衛(wèi)生威脅的Delphi共識
47.Common human genetic variants of APOE impact murine COVID-19 mortality
APOE的常見人遺傳變異影響小鼠COVID-19死亡率
48.Functional antibodies exhibit light chain coherence
功能抗體表現(xiàn)出輕鏈相干性
49.Blocking PD-L1–PD-1 improves senescence surveillance and ageing phenotypes
阻斷PD-L1–PD-1可改善衰老監(jiān)測和衰老表型
50.Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination
細胞外液粘度增強了細胞遷移和癌癥的傳播
51.Structural basis of actin filament assembly and aging
肌動蛋白絲組裝和衰老的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)
52.Bending forces and nucleotide state jointly regulate F-actin structure
彎曲力和核苷酸狀態(tài)共同調(diào)節(jié)F-肌動蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)
53.Subtype-specific 3D genome alteration in acute myeloid leukaemia
急性髓樣白血病中亞型特異性3D基因組改變
54.Cryo-EM structure of the SEA complex
SEA復合物的冷凍電鏡結(jié)構(gòu)
55.Nociceptor neurons affect cancer immunosurveillance
傷害感受器神經(jīng)元影響癌癥免疫監(jiān)測
56.Seas reveal a surge in the strength of tropical storms
海洋揭示了熱帶風暴的強度激增
57.Neurons that promote recovery from paralysis identified
促進從癱瘓中恢復的神經(jīng)元已確定
58.Phone signals can help you find your way in cities even without GPS
電話信號也可以幫助您在沒有GPS的城市中找到自己的出路
59.The role of neighbouring species in survival as the climate changes
隨著氣候的變化，鄰近物種在生存中的作用
60.Engineered T cells to treat lupus arrive on the scene
工程的T細胞以治療狼瘡到達現(xiàn)場
61.Spatial maps of genetically diverse breast cancer cells
遺傳多樣的乳腺癌細胞的空間圖
62.Switchable chiral transport in charge-ordered kagome metal CsV3Sb5
電荷有序的kagome金屬CsV3Sb5中的可切換手性傳輸
63.Control of chiral orbital currents in a colossal magnetoresistance material
控制巨大磁化材料中手性軌道電流
64.A hybrid optical–wireless network for decimetre-level terrestrial positioning
用于分米級地面定位的混合光無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)
65.Intrinsic glassy-metallic transport in an amorphous coordination polymer
無定形協(xié)調(diào)聚合物中的固有玻璃金屬轉(zhuǎn)運
66.Fast charging of energy-dense lithium-ion batteries
快速充電能量密集的鋰離子電池
67.Using machine learning to assess the livelihood impact of electricity access
使用機器學習評估電力的生計影響
68.Ocean currents show global intensification of weak tropical cyclones
洋流顯示弱熱帶氣旋的全球強化
69.Nd isotope variation between the Earth–Moon system and enstatite chondrites
地月系統(tǒng)和頑火輝石球粒隕石之間的Nd同位素變化
70.Small rainfall changes drive substantial changes in plant coexistence
小降雨變化推動了植物共存的實質(zhì)變化
71.More losses than gains during one century of plant biodiversity change in Germany
在德國的植物生物多樣性變化中，損失比收益更多
72.Semi-automated assembly of high-quality diploid human reference genomes
高質(zhì)量二倍體人類參考基因組的半自動組裝
73.Broad transcriptomic dysregulation occurs across the cerebral cortex in ASD
ASD的大腦皮層發(fā)生廣泛的轉(zhuǎn)錄組失調(diào)
74.The neurons that restore walking after paralysis
癱瘓后恢復行走的神經(jīng)元
75.Real-time bioelectronic sensing of environmental contaminants
環(huán)境污染物的實時生物電氣感應(yīng)
76.Entorhinal cortex directs learning-related changes in CA1 representations
內(nèi)嗅皮層指導CA1表征中與學習相關(guān)的變化
77.A spatiotemporally resolved single-cell atlas of the Plasmodium liver stage
瘧原蟲肝臟階段的時空分辨單細胞圖譜
78.Ferrobotic swarms enable accessible and adaptable automated viral testing
鐵機器人群使可訪問且適應(yīng)性強的自動化病毒測試成為可能
79.Inulin fibre promotes microbiota-derived bile acids and type 2 inflammation
菊粉纖維促進微生物群衍生的膽汁酸和2型炎癥
80.Parenchymal border macrophages regulate the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid
實質(zhì)邊界巨噬細胞調(diào)節(jié)腦脊液的流動動力學
81.Spatial genomics maps the structure, nature and evolution of cancer clones
空間基因組學映射癌癥克隆的結(jié)構(gòu)，性質(zhì)和演變
82.Metastatic recurrence in colorectal cancer arises from residual EMP1+ cells
結(jié)直腸癌的轉(zhuǎn)移性復發(fā)是由殘留的EMP1+細胞引起的
83.Histone H2B.8 compacts flowering plant sperm through chromatin phase separation
組蛋白H2B.8通過染色質(zhì)相分離壓縮開花植物精子
84.Flies catch wind of where smells come from
蒼蠅捕捉氣味的風
85.Obstacles need not impede cooperation in active matter
障礙不必阻礙積極問題的合作
86.Alzheimer’s risk variant APOE4 linked to myelin-assembly malfunction
阿爾茨海默氏癥的風險變體APOE4鏈接到髓磷脂組件故障
87.25 years of the segmentation clock gene
25年的分割時鐘基因
88.Shock waves spark blazing light from black holes
沖擊波火花從黑洞燃燒的光線
89.A spatial perspective on bacteria in tumours
腫瘤細菌的空間視角
90.Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks
極化的Blazar X射線意味著沖擊中的粒子加速度
91.Emergent charge order in pressurized kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
加壓kagome超導體CsV3Sb5中的緊急電荷順序
92.Ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes
超黑色，高效且穩(wěn)定的鈣鈦礦發(fā)光二極管
93.Open-channel metal particle superlattices
開放通道金屬顆粒超級晶格
94.Pivotal role of reversible NiO6 geometric conversion in oxygen evolution
可逆NiO6幾何轉(zhuǎn)化在氧氣演化中的關(guān)鍵作用
95.A designed photoenzyme for enantioselective [2+2] cycloadditions
設(shè)計用于對映選擇性的光酶[2+2]環(huán)加成
96.Enantioselective [2+2]-cycloadditions with triplet photoenzymes
對映選擇性[2+2]-帶有三重光酶的環(huán)載糖
97.Synthesis of meta-substituted arene bioisosteres from [3.1.1]propellane
從[3.1.1]丙烷合成間位取代的芳烴生物電子等排物
98.Extensive inland thinning and speed-up of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
東北格陵蘭冰流的廣泛內(nèi)陸變薄和加速
99.The co-evolution of the genome and epigenome in colorectal cancer
大腸癌中基因組和表觀基因組的共同進化
100.Phenotypic plasticity and genetic control in colorectal cancer evolution
結(jié)直腸癌進化的表型可塑性和遺傳控制
101.Odour motion sensing enhances navigation of complex plumes
氣味運動感應(yīng)增強了復雜羽流的導航
102.Locomotion activates PKA through dopamine and adenosine in striatal neurons
運動通過紋狀體神經(jīng)元中的多巴胺和腺苷激活PKA
103.APOE4 impairs myelination via cholesterol dysregulation in oligodendrocytes
APOE4通過少突膠質(zhì)細胞中的膽固醇失調(diào)損害髓鞘形成
104.Enterococci enhance Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis
腸球菌增強艱難梭菌的發(fā)病機制
105.Neuropeptide regulation of non-redundant ILC2 responses at barrier surfaces
神經(jīng)肽在屏障表面調(diào)節(jié)非冗余ILC2反應(yīng)
106.Non-redundant functions of group 2 innate lymphoid cells
第2組先天淋巴樣細胞的非冗余功能
107.Identification of environmental factors that promote intestinal inflammation
鑒定促進腸道炎癥的環(huán)境因素
108.Effect of the intratumoral microbiota on spatial and cellular heterogeneity in cancer
腫瘤內(nèi)菌群對癌癥空間和細胞異質(zhì)性的影響
109.T cells specific for α-myosin drive immunotherapy-related myocarditis
α-肌球蛋白特異性T細胞驅(qū)動免疫治療相關(guān)性心肌炎
110.Regulation of the mammalian-brain V-ATPase through ultraslow mode-switching
通過超低模式開關(guān)調(diào)節(jié)哺乳動物-腦C-ATPase
