第1章 詞語(yǔ)翻譯

縮略語(yǔ)

專有名詞

術(shù)語(yǔ)

網(wǎng)絡(luò)熱詞

第2章 英漢翻譯

政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類

一、英漢翻譯

Practice 1

Wealth,as Mr. Hobbes says, is power. But the person who either acquires, or succeeds to a great fortune, does notnecessarily acquire or succeed to any political power,either civil or military. His fortune may, perhaps, afford him the meansof acquiring both,but the mere possession of that fortune does not necessarily convey to him either. The power which thatpossession immediately and directly conveys to him, is the power of purchasing; a certain command over all the labor,or overall the produce of labor which is then in the market. His fortune is greater or less,precisely in proportion to the extent of thispower; or to the quantity either of other men's labor, or what is the same thing, of the produce of other men's labor,which itenables him to purchase or command. The exchangeable value of every thing must always be precisely equal to the extent ofthis power which it conveys to its owner.

But though labor be the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities, it is not that by which their value iscommonly estimated. It is often difficult to ascertain the proportion between two different quantities of labor. The time spent intwo different sorts of work will not always alone determine this proportion. The different degrees of hardship endured, and ofingenuity exercised,must likewise be taken into account. There may be more labor in an hour's hard work than in two hourseasy business; or in an hour's application to a trade which it cost ten years labor to learn, than in a month's industry at anordinary and obvious employment. But it is not easy to find any accurate measure either of hardship or ingenuity.Inexchanging indeed the different productions of different sorts of labor for one another,some allowance is commonly made forboth. It is adjusted, however, not by any accurate measure, but by the higgling and bargaining of the market, according to thatsort of rough equality which thought not exact, is sufficient for carrying on the business of common life.

【參考譯文】

霍布斯說：財(cái)富就是權(quán)力。但獲得或承繼大宗財(cái)產(chǎn)的人，未必就獲得或承繼了民政上或軍政上的政治權(quán)力。他的財(cái)產(chǎn)，也許可以提供他一種獲得政權(quán)的手段，但單有財(cái)產(chǎn)未必就能給他政權(quán)。財(cái)產(chǎn)對(duì)他直接提供的權(quán)力，是購(gòu)買力，是對(duì)于當(dāng)時(shí)市場(chǎng)上各種勞動(dòng)或各種勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)物的支配權(quán)。他的財(cái)產(chǎn)的大小與這種支配權(quán)的大小恰成比例，換言之，財(cái)產(chǎn)的大小，與他所能購(gòu)買或所能支配的他人勞動(dòng)量或他人勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)物數(shù)量的大小恰成比例。一種物品的交換價(jià)值，必然恰等于這物品對(duì)其所有者所提供的勞動(dòng)支配權(quán)。

勞動(dòng)雖是一切商品交換價(jià)值的真實(shí)尺度，但一切商品的價(jià)值，通常不是按勞動(dòng)估定的。要確定兩個(gè)不同的勞動(dòng)量的比例，往往很困難。兩種不同工作所費(fèi)去的時(shí)間，往往不是決定這比例的唯一因素，它們的不同困難程度和精巧程度，也須加以考慮。一個(gè)鐘頭的困難工作，比一個(gè)鐘頭的容易工作，也許包含有更多勞動(dòng)量；需要十年學(xué)習(xí)的工作做一小時(shí)，比普通業(yè)務(wù)做一月所含勞動(dòng)量也可能較多。但是，困難程度和精巧程度的準(zhǔn)確尺度不容易找到。誠(chéng)然，在交換不同勞動(dòng)的不同生產(chǎn)物時(shí)，通常都在一定程度上，考慮到上述困難程度和精巧程度，但在進(jìn)行這種交換時(shí)，不是按任何準(zhǔn)確尺度來作調(diào)整，而是通過市場(chǎng)上議價(jià)來作大體上兩不相虧的調(diào)整。這雖不很準(zhǔn)確，但對(duì)日常買賣也就夠了。

Practice 2

Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumershave benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We areproducing more and more food with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been.Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.

Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in ITsystems that make them efficient.And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger,the prices get lower.

Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut theirmargins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stayslow.

Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Food companies certainly thinkthat giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of makingthem feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America,soft drinks came in 8oz(225g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $ 7,they can sell you a 12oz portion for $ 8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.

Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.

【參考譯文】

由于食品生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和分銷技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，食品價(jià)格已經(jīng)下降。消費(fèi)者從中獲益很大。預(yù)測(cè)食品會(huì)用光的人們是錯(cuò)誤的。我們正在用越來越少的成本生產(chǎn)越來越多的食物。食品因此也比以前更加豐富便宜。和其他的商品比，花在食品上的錢多年來一直下降，并將持續(xù)下降。

超市由于其規(guī)模促進(jìn)了價(jià)格下降。和其他商業(yè)一樣，他們可以利用IT技術(shù)提高效率。其規(guī)模實(shí)現(xiàn)了大批量購(gòu)買。隨著超市變大，價(jià)格也變得更低。

像沃爾瑪這樣的大零售商憑借強(qiáng)大的力量，給生產(chǎn)商施加壓力來削減利潤(rùn)。因此，生產(chǎn)商不得不降價(jià)。近幾年，聯(lián)合利華已經(jīng)裁員33000至245000人。為了戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展還砍掉了很多小名牌。Cadbury關(guān)閉了133家工廠中的20％，全球員工55000中裁掉了10％。這些裁員都有助于降低價(jià)格，所以食品價(jià)格居低不上。

便宜的食品不健康嗎？便宜食品可能鼓勵(lì)人們吃的更多。食品公司當(dāng)然認(rèn)為，顧客花錢能夠買到更多的食品，當(dāng)然還會(huì)買更多。份量大可以讓顧客感覺得了便宜，這就是為什么分量越來越大的原因。在美國(guó)，軟飲料過去是225克裝，然后是350克裝，現(xiàn)在是550克。如果225克裝的賣7美元，他們就會(huì)給350克裝的定價(jià)8美元。對(duì)于公司來說，額外成本僅僅是可能只值25美分的食物?，F(xiàn)在公司不得不以價(jià)換量，但這種趨勢(shì)很難改變。

文化文學(xué)類

熱點(diǎn)生活類

法律科普類

科技環(huán)保類

第3章 漢英翻譯

政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類

文化文學(xué)類

熱點(diǎn)生活類

法律科普類

科技環(huán)保類

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