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總部位于蒙特利爾的KANVA建筑事務所所設計的作品突破建筑造型與形式的局限，傳遞出深遠的意義。在為蒙特利爾自然生態(tài)館打造的新設計中，KANVA在精美宏大的科學博物館中為游客提供了沉浸于多種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境中的真實體驗。

? Marc Cramer

? Marc Cramer

蒙特利爾自然生態(tài)館開放于1992年，坐落在1976年建成的前奧林匹克自行車館中，是加拿大所有博物館設施中最受歡迎的一顆璀璨明珠。由Rami Bebawi和Tudor Radulescu共同創(chuàng)立的KANVA，在2014年贏得了一項國際設計競賽，在Space for Life的委托下參與到這項耗資2500萬美元的項目中。Space for Life是負責自然生態(tài)館、天文館、昆蟲館和植物園的運營機構。

? Mathieu Rivard

? Mathieu Rivard

KANVA事務所合伙人及項目負責人Rami Bebawi表示：“我們的目標是提升訪客與博物館特有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的沉浸式體驗，并對建筑的公共空間進行改造。在實施的過程中，我們自豪地將生態(tài)館在推動人類對自然環(huán)境復雜性的敏銳認知方面的作用融入設計，在氣候變化的大背景下了解這種影響的重要性尤為必要?！?/span>

? Marc Cramer

? Marc Cramer

項目伊始，KANVA的團隊就對建筑龐大的復雜性進行了深入研究，了解到這個生命實體由生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及提供生命支持的復雜機械組成。因此任何尺度的干預都需要相當精細，而契合項目規(guī)模的全球化戰(zhàn)略的要求極為精細，對眾多微介入進行細致的協(xié)調與管理。每一項決策都需要基于跨學科的咨詢協(xié)調，這種協(xié)作努力貫穿了項目始終。

? James Brittain

? KANVA

Bebawi談到：“團隊各方都理解全球愿景，他們將各自的領悟以合作精神傳遞給我們。這種經歷非常具有啟發(fā)性，為設計如何更好地解決未來環(huán)境問題豎立了典范?！?/span>

? KANVA

? KANVA

從結構性視角，KANVA以建筑遺產的價值最大化為宗旨致力空間的改造。新核心空間的打造與拆除低矮的入口天花板相結合，讓游客欣賞到原空間令人印象深刻的巨大體量。在拆除天花板的過程中，KANVA將空間向天空打開，豐沛的自然光線透過巨大天窗構成的屋頂灑向室內。

? Marc Cramer

? Marc Cramer

巨大體量的開放空間成為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)間的內核，KANVA通過參數化方式設計了親生物外皮，用來包裹生態(tài)系統(tǒng)并為游客提供引導。由于結構工程的復雜性，預制的純白親生物表皮的安裝任務相當艱巨。不容任何差池，表皮在彎曲的鋁結構周圍蜿蜒拉伸，通過張力以懸臂和三角梁懸掛固定于主要的鋼結構上。機械連接的融入使其能夠適應各種動作，并為現(xiàn)場調整提供了可能。

? Marc Cramer

半透明的表皮與上方的天窗相得益彰，傾斜的地面營造出平靜無極的氛圍。新的核心空間還增強了游客的感官體驗，體驗從純粹的中性空間過渡到對周圍生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的多重感官探索。

? Marc Cramer

Rami Bebawi解釋說：“這是一個非常強大的工具，長達半公里，并跨越四層的高度。它不僅是空間的極限象征，這種白色的純凈感烘托出原混凝土結構的特質，兩者展現(xiàn)出一種優(yōu)美的鮮明對比?！?/span>

? James Brittain

隨后，KANVA專注參觀旅程，將原有的直線參觀路線轉變?yōu)楦呋盍Φ捏w驗路徑。游客們可以自行選擇體驗路線，探索棲息著超過25萬個動物和500種植物的五大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。從概念上KANVA致力于提供更身臨其境的體驗，專注于激發(fā)人們的感官體驗，并將視覺置于聲音、氣味和觸感之后。從令人平靜的大堂開始，起伏的生動表皮將游客引入通向中央核心的10米隧道，對熱帶雨林、勞倫森楓林、圣勞倫斯灣、亞南極群島和拉布拉多海岸五大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的探索由此開啟。

? James Brittain

? James Brittain

入口隧道地面的傾斜坡度減緩了人們行進于白色通道的速度，幫助放空大腦迎接新的感官體驗。隨著人們到達中央核心，親生物表皮上的小縫隙，即生態(tài)運送會將他們引至生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的入口。末端的自動門隨之打開，人們的視線仍被珠簾遮擋。隨著游客穿過珠簾，他們在視線開啟之前，已經感受到自然棲息地的氣候、氣味和聲音。次極地地區(qū)的入口處，一個全新的冰隧道協(xié)助游客在穿行中適應環(huán)境的溫度，前方海鸚和企鵝提供了額外的氣味和聲音的感官刺激。

? James Brittain

? James Brittain

在豎向上，KANVA在五大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之上疊加了一個全新的樓層。人們通過人行道到達這里，可以穿行在熱帶雨林和圣勞倫斯灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)高聳的樹木之間。人行道還通向一個全新夾層，人們在此可以俯瞰生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和白色核心。這里還作為技術樓層，開設互動式教育展覽和深入了解保護場館生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的精密儀器的空間。

? James Brittain

在為場館的企鵝居民設計全新的水池之前，KANVA花費了數周時間向生物學家和獸醫(yī)深入了解海貍的游動模式。為了豐富游客在自然棲息地觀察海貍的真實感受，團隊研究了它們的建筑能力，這一想法演變?yōu)樽尯Ｘ傋孕械褡聊绢^，并在干燥后將木頭用于界定出室內的空間。

? James Brittain

Bebawi說到：“在為生物環(huán)繞的環(huán)境做設計前，需要秉持一種謙虛的學習梯度。我們?yōu)樗嗽O計時對自我會有基本的認知，為水獺或樹懶設計則需要對自己進行再教育?！?/span>

? James Brittain

整個項目的經歷豐富了KANVA的建筑設計歷程。這一教育過程推動了他們對建筑的探索，使其以更具滲透性的模式推動人與自然的和諧共處，而避免成為外部力量的壁壘。

? James Brittain

“我們需要重建人與環(huán)境的連接，我們非常自豪自然生態(tài)館以創(chuàng)意方式實現(xiàn)了這一點。“Bebawi補充說：”歷經六年的時間，項目為我們提供了寶貴的知識，讓我們對未來項目的創(chuàng)新手法做出準備，建筑將成為促進環(huán)境變化的有力工具?！?/span>

? Marc Cramer

KANVA成立于2003年，是一家總部位于蒙特利爾綜合性建筑事務所。團隊由充滿活力的建筑師組成，他們的作品處于思索、想象、描繪和構建集合空間的前沿。KANVA的設計手法致力于重新審視和改造建筑環(huán)境，事務所將每個項目視為講述故事的機會，擴展藝術和建筑間的邊界和對話；并將建筑、藝術和科學作為學習工具，為人們打造宜居的建筑環(huán)境。

KANVA的作品屢獲殊榮，其中包括由加拿大皇家建筑學會頒發(fā)的“2015年新銳建筑實踐獎”。2017年，KANVA憑借“自適應邊界”的研究工作榮獲加拿大藝術委員會的羅馬大獎。次年，Imago創(chuàng)新項目在世界建筑節(jié)(WAF)大獎中上獲得了未來項目實驗獎。KANVA還被選中為2021-2022年度迪拜世博會打造加拿大館的藝術裝置。

? KANVA

KANVA, a Montreal-based firm renowned for meaningful projects extending beyond the boundaries of architectural shapes and forms, unveiled the delicate grandeur of the newly redesigned Biodome, a Montreal science museum that immerses visitors in the authentic environs of multiple ecosystems.

? James Brittain

? Marc Cramer

Housed in the former Velodrome, constructed for the Montréal 1976 Olympic Games, the Biodome opened in 1992 and is a jewel in the crown of a consortium of facilities that collectively account for the most visited museum spaces in Canada. After winning an international architectural competition in 2014, KANVA, co-founded by Rami Bebawi and Tudor Radulescu, was commissioned for the $25 million project by?Space for Life, the body charged with overseeing operations of the Biodome, Planetarium, Insectarium, and Botanical Garden.

? Marc Cramer

? James Brittain

"Our mandate was to enhance the immersive experience between visitors and the museum's distinct ecosystems, as well as to transform the building's public spaces," noted Rami Bebawi, a partner of KANVA and the project's lead architect. "In doing so, we proudly embraced the role that the Biodome plays in sensitizing humans to the intricacies of natural environments, particularly in the current context of climate change and the importance of understanding its effects."

? Marc Cramer

? James Brittain

From the onset, KANVA studied the tremendous complexity of the building, a living entity comprised of ecosystems and very complex machinery that is critical to supporting life. They realized that any type of intervention would need to be very delicate, and that a global strategy to the scale of the mandate would require careful coordination and management of numerous micro interventions. Every decision required consultations across multiple disciplines, and it became a truly collaborative effort that embraced KANVA's storyline.

? James Brittain

? KANVA

"Everybody understood the global vision, and they carried that understanding with them in the spirit of collaboration," said Bebawi. "It was a very inspirational experience that will serve as a model for better addressing environmental issues in design in the future."

? KANVA

? KANVA

From an organizational perspective, KANVA began by targeting spaces that could be transformed in ways that would maximize the value of the building's architectural heritage. The carving of a new core combined with the demolition of the particularly low ceiling at the entrance of the building allows visitors to appreciate the impressive scale of the existing space. In gutting the existing ceiling, KANVA opened the space skyward to the building's extraordinary roof, composed of massive skylight panels that infuse an abundance of natural light.

? James Brittain

? Marc Cramer

With a massive open space now forming the core between the ecosystems, KANVA parametrically designed a living skin that they could wrap around the ecosystems, and which would serve as a guiding accompaniment to visitors. With exceptionally complicated structural engineering, the installation of the prefabricated pure white, biophilic skin was a monumental task. With no room for error, the skin was curved and stretched around a bowed aluminum structure, using tension, cantilevering, and triangular beams for suspension, and itself anchored to a primary steel structure. Mechanical junctions were also incorporated in order to accommodate a variety of movements and allow for on-site adjustments.

? Marc Cramer

? Marc Cramer

The translucent skin harmoniously interacts with the skylights above, with beveled horizons that elicit a sense of calm and infinity. The new core also amplifies the sensorial experience of visitors transitioning from its pure neutrality to the multi-sensorial discovery of its adjacent ecosystems.

"It's a very powerful tool, half a kilometer in length and rising nearly four storeys," explained Rami Bebawi. "It's extremely emblematic of the space, and the white purity beautifully highlights and contrasts the original structural concrete."

? Marc Cramer

? Marc Cramer

KANVA then focused on the journey itself, designing new passages aimed at transforming the existing linear path of discovery into a more dynamic experience, where visitors take charge of their own journeys through the Biodome's five ecosystems, housing more than 250,000 animals and 500 plant species. Conceptually aiming for a more immersive experience, KANVA focused its attention on soliciting senses, relegating sight to the end of the line behind sound, smell, and touch. From the calming lobby hall, the undulating living skin funnels visitors into a 10-meter tunnel leading to the central core, where their exploration of five ecosystems, including Tropical Rainforest, Laurentian Maple Forest, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Sub-Antarctic Islands, and Labrador Coast, begins.

? James Brittain

The entry tunnel features a very subtle floor incline, intended to slow the pace of movement through a compressed white passage, and to void the mind for fresh sensory input. Once visitors reach the central core, smaller slits in the living skin, called eco-transits, lead them towards the ecosystem entrances. As automatic doors at the end of the eco-transit open into the ecosystem, it remains visually obstructed by a curtain of beads. By the time visitors pass through the beads, they have been exposed to the climate, smells, and sounds of the natural habitat before seeing anything. At the entrance of the Subpolar Regions, KANVA designed a new ice tunnel that acclimatizes visitors during the transition, while the sounds and smells of puffins and penguins ahead provide additional sensory stimulation.

? James Brittain

? James Brittain

Vertically, KANVA added an entire new level above the ecosystems, accessible via walkways enabling visitors to move through the foliage of majestic trees of both the Tropical Rainforest and Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystems. The walkways lead to a new mezzanine, offering aerial views of the various ecosystems and the pure white nucleus. The new mezzanine also serves as a technical floor, with interactive educational exhibits and insight into the elaborate machinery required to preserve the facility's delicate ecosystems.

? James Brittain

? Marc Cramer

Before designing a new water basin for the facility's resident penguins, KANVA staff spent weeks with biologists and veterinarians in order to gain insight into the specie's swimming patterns. To provide an authentic feel to an observation point where visitors can observe beavers in their natural habitat, the firm studied the architectural prowess of the beavers. The idea emerged to let the beavers carve the wood themselves, which was then dried and used to line the interior of the space.

? James Brittain

? James Brittain

"Before you can even begin to design in an environment with living species all around you, education and a notion of humbleness are required," explained Bebawi. "We take basic assumptions about ourselves for granted when we design for other human beings, but designing for an otter or a sloth requires that you re-educate yourself."

? Marc Cramer

? Marc Cramer

The entire experience has enriched KANVA's journey as an architectural firm. The educational process has advanced their exploration of how buildings, rather than being barriers to external forces, can be rendered more permeable as harmonious cohabitations between humans and nature.

? James Brittain

? Marc Cramer

"We need to reconnect people with the environment, and the Biodome does that in a refreshing way that we are proud to have contributed to," added Bebawi. "This project has provided us with six years of invaluable knowledge, preparing us for new and innovative approaches to future projects where architecture becomes a tool to promote and facilitate environmental change."

? Marc Cramer

? Marc Cramer

KANVA: Design Architect, Quebec Architect, Coordinating Architect, Project Manager.?In collaboration with?NEUF architect(e)s

Bouthillette Parizeau inc.:?Electromechanical engineer

NCK inc.:?Structural Engineer

THE TEAM OF COLLABORATORS

Groupe GLT+:?Building code specialist and cost consultant

Atelier 6:?Specification writer

LightFactor:?Lighting design consultant

La bande à Paul:?Collaborating exhibition designer

Anick La Bissonnière:?Collaborating set designer

Nathalie Matte:?Collaborating museologist

Bélanger Design:?Wayfinding specialist

Topo 3D:?Land surveyor

Soft dB:?Acoustics specialist

? Marc Cramer

? KANVA

Founded in 2003, KANVA is a Montreal-based multidisciplinary architectural firm composed of 15 dynamic architects, whose work is at the forefront of thinking, imagining, drawing, and constructing collective space. KANVA's approach seeks to re-question and transform the built environment, and the firm approaches each project as an opportunity to tell a story and to expand the scope and dialogue between art and architecture. KANVA embraces architecture, art, and science as learning tools for transforming the built environment for those who live in it.

The award-winning firm has received numerous accolades and recognitions for its body of work, including the 2015 Emerging Architectural Practice Award from the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. In 2017, KANVA was awarded the Canada Council for the Arts' Prix de Rome for its 'Adaptive Boundaries' research work. The following year, the firm's innovative?Imago?project garnered the Experimental – Future Projects Award at the World Architecture Festival (WAF). Most recently, KANVA was selected to provide art installations for the Canadian pavilion for Expo 2021-22 Dubai.

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