HYPERPLASIA IS AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN AN ORGAN OR TISSUE

增生是指器官或組織中細(xì)胞數(shù)量的增加

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia often occur concurrently.

肥大和增生常同時發(fā)生。

hyperplasia 增生 /?ha?p?'ple??/

concurrently 同時發(fā)生的、并存的 /k?n?k?..?ntl?/

The specific stimuli that induce hyperplasia and the mechanisms by which they act vary greatly from one tissue and cell type to the next.

誘導(dǎo)增生的特定刺激及其作用機(jī)制因組織和細(xì)胞類型的不同而有很大差異。

Whatever the stimulus, hyperplasia involves stimulating resting cells (G0) to enter the cell cycle (G1) and then to multiply.

無論是什么刺激，增生都包括刺激靜息細(xì)胞(G0)進(jìn)入細(xì)胞周期(G1)，然后增殖。

multiply 增加 /'m?lt?pla?/

This may be a response to an altered endocrine milieu, increased functional demand or chronic injury.
這可能是對內(nèi)分泌環(huán)境改變、功能需求增加或慢性損傷的反應(yīng)。

milieu 環(huán)境 /mi'lj??/

Hormonal stimulation: Changes in hormone concentrations, whether physiologic or pathologic, can elicit proliferation of responsive cells.

激素刺激：激素濃度的變化，無論是生理的還是病理的，都能引起反應(yīng)細(xì)胞的增殖。

hormone 激素 /h?r'monl/

concentration 集中、濃縮 /'kɑnsn'tre??n/

elicit 引出 /??l?s?t/

The normal increase in estrogens at puberty or early in the menstrual cycle leads to increased numbers of endometrial and uterine stromal cells.

青春期或月經(jīng)周期早期雌激素的正常增加會導(dǎo)致子宮內(nèi)膜和子宮間質(zhì)細(xì)胞的數(shù)量增加。

estrogen 雌激素 /'?str?d??n/

puberty 青春期 /'pjub?ti/

menstrual 月經(jīng)期的 /'m?nstru?l/

endometrial 子宮內(nèi)膜的 /?end?u'mi:tri?l/

uterine 子宮的 /'j?t?r?n/

stromal 基質(zhì)的 /'strom?/

Exogenous estrogen administration to postmenopausal women has the same effect.

外源性雌激素對絕經(jīng)后婦女也有同樣的效果。

exogenous 外源性的、外因的 /?ks'ɑd??n?s/

postmenopausal 絕經(jīng)后的 /?postm?n?'p?z?l/

Ectopic hormone production may also result in hyperplasia.

異位激素的產(chǎn)生也可能導(dǎo)致增生癥。

ectopic 異位的 /?k'tɑp?k/

For example, erythropoietin production by renal tumors may lead to hyperplasia of erythrocytes in the bone marrow.

例如，腎腫瘤產(chǎn)生的促紅細(xì)胞生成素可能會導(dǎo)致骨髓中紅細(xì)胞的增殖。

erythropoietin 紅細(xì)胞生成素 /?,r?θrop??'it?n/

renal 腎臟的 /'rinl/

erythrocyte 紅細(xì)胞 /?'r?θr?sa?t/

Increased functional demand: Hyperplasia, like hypertrophy, may be a response to increased physiologic demand.

功能需求增加：與肥大一樣，肥大也可能是對生理需求增加的反應(yīng)。

To illustrate, at high altitudes, low atmospheric oxygen content leads to compensatory hyperplasia of erythrocyte precursors in the bone marrow and increased erythrocytes in the blood (secondary polycythemia).

舉個例子，在高海拔地區(qū)，低氧含量會導(dǎo)致骨髓中紅細(xì)胞前體的代償性增殖和血液中紅細(xì)胞的增多(繼發(fā)性紅細(xì)胞增多癥)。

compensatory 代償性的 /k?m'p?ns?,tori/

precursor 前體 /pri'k?s?/

polycythemia 紅血球增多癥 /?pɑlisa?'θimi?/

Chronic blood loss, as in excessive menstrual bleeding, also causes hyperplasia of erythrocytic elements.

慢性失血，就像月經(jīng)過多一樣，也會導(dǎo)致紅細(xì)胞成分的增殖。

Chronic injury: Long-standing inflammation or chronic physical or chemical injury often results in a hyperplastic response.

慢性損傷：長期的炎癥或慢性物理或化學(xué)損傷通常會導(dǎo)致增生性反應(yīng)。

A common cause is pressure from ill-fitting shoes, which causes hyperplasia of the skin of the foot, termed corns or calluses.

一種常見的原因是不合腳的鞋子帶來的壓力，這會導(dǎo)致足部皮膚的增生，稱為雞眼或老繭。

[1] Emanuel Rubin, Howard M. Reisner.Essentials of Rubin’s pathology [M].6th ed.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,April 30, 2013:5-6

[2] 文中音標(biāo)源自“歐路詞典”美式讀音

[3] 本內(nèi)容不涉及醫(yī)療建議，如遇健康問題請及時就醫(yī)。

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