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文章講解：

①Historian Colin Calloway argues that in the late colonial period preceding the American Revolution (1775-1783), the British governments ought to seal off territory west of the Appalachian?[劍1]?Mountains from the encroachment?[劍2]?of land-hungry White settlers, to negotiate with Native American peoples as independent foreign states, and to guarantee the integrity of traditional Native American hunting grounds. ②By contrast, White Americans, released by the outbreak of the Revolution from the constraints of Britain’s allegedly benevolent policies, are portrayed by Calloway as ruthless land-grabbers whose new national government endorsed their rapacity. ③ Bernard Bailyn argues,?however, that the “Americans” who encroached on Native American land during the Revolution had been British only a few years before. ④When, during and after the Revolution, White Americans seized Native American land by any available means, they were continuing a tradition dating back to the earliest years of English settlement in North America. ⑤?And, according to Bailyn, the British government’s prewar efforts to preserve the trans-Appalachian west for Native Americans resulted not from humanitarian virtue or ethnic tolerance but from British merchants’ desire to maintain their?lucrative?[劍3]?trade with Native Americans and the government’s desire to control immigration and avoid costly conflict between Whites and Native Americans over land.

?[劍1]阿拉帕奇山脈

?[劍2]侵犯，侵占

?[劍3]有利可圖的，掙錢的

①?②?③

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?↓

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ④

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?↓

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ⑤

①②其實可以算作是順承，都是CC的觀點。

1. The primary purpose of thepassage is to?主旨目的題

A. suggest that two different arguments about a particular historical period are both questionable?相反，文章結(jié)構(gòu)是新老對比

B. present historical?evidence?that undermines a?widely accepted?viewpoint?相反，后面是觀點/也屬于NE

C. defend a revisionist historian’s thesis against traditionalist criticism?沒有修正和傳統(tǒng)的證據(jù)，無中生有

D. outline opposing interpretations of a particular historical phenomenon?符合文章新老對比的結(jié)構(gòu)

E.?resolve?a dispute among historians over acontroversial historical episode?沒有證據(jù)

2. The reference to “the earliest years of English settlement in North America” serves primarily to emphasize the point that

E

A. Calloway has exaggerated the ruthlessness and rapacity of White settlers in their relations with Native Americans prior to the American Revolution NE

B. seizure of Native American lands by White settlers had increased dramatically throughout the time of British colonial rule NE

C. at one time White settlers had negotiated with Native American peoples as independent foreign states IR

D. White settlers had no legitimate grounds for claiming title to land they seized west of the Appalachian Mountains NE

E. aggression by White settlers against Native Americans during and after the American Revolution was not a new phenomenon?

?

3. It can be inferred that both Bailyn and Calloway would probably agree with which of the following assertionsregarding the relations between White Americans and Native Americans concerningthe trans-Appalachian West

A. The AmericanRevolution?unleashed?an unprecedented wave of expropriation of NativeAmerican land by White settlers.?沒有證據(jù)

B. The British government’s prewar policy towards the Native Americans was determined?largely?by the interests of British merchants who traded with the Native Americans.?NE

C. The British government tried to keep White settlers out of the trans-Appalachian west?primarily?in order to prevent disputes over land between those settlers and Native Americans. 同上

D. The new national government created by the American Revolution had?less incentive?than did the British colonial government to negotiate with Native American peoples as independent foreign states.??NE

E. One objective of the British government’s land policy prior to the American Revolution was to prevent White settlers from moving to the western side of the Appalachian Mountains.