被動語態(tài)

英語語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

兔子咬人啦！“兔子”是重點

誰被兔子咬了？“誰”是重點

主動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者

被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者

被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成也是通過謂語動詞的變化完成的。

構(gòu)成：be+動詞過去分詞。

如果需要表明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，應(yīng)該用 by+動作執(zhí)行者。

被動語態(tài)的基本知識：五種基本句型的被動語態(tài)。

1.?主+謂 【沒有被動語態(tài)】

The rabbit slept.

不存在動作承受者，自然沒有被動語態(tài)。

2.?主+謂+賓

The rabbit?ate?the carrot. 兔子吃了胡蘿卜。

The rabbit：動作ate的執(zhí)行者

The carrot：動作ate的承受者

變成被動語態(tài)就是強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，讓the carrot成為主語，所以首先要調(diào)換主語、賓語的位置

->the carrot?ate?the rabbit.

->變成被動語態(tài) the carrot?is eaten?the rabbit. be動詞應(yīng)該用is的過去時態(tài)was

-> the carrot?was eaten?the rabbit.

如果需要表明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，應(yīng)該用 by+動作執(zhí)行者。

->the carrot?was eaten?by the rabbit. 胡蘿卜被兔子吃了。

這個句子寫的簡潔一點：A carrot was eaten.

【非謂語動詞：過去分詞作主語補(bǔ)語（表語）

The rabbit was frightened (by the wolf). 兔子感到害怕

The rabbit was frightening. 兔子令人感到害怕

所以過去分詞表被動的意義和被動語態(tài)脫不了干系】

3.?主+謂+賓+賓

The rabbit gave the carrot（直接賓語）?to the wolf（間接賓語）. 兔子給了狼胡蘿卜

The wolf was given the carrot by the rabbit. 狼被兔子給了胡蘿卜。（強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語）

The carrot was given to the wolf?by the rabbit. 胡蘿卜被兔子給了狼。（強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語）

The rabbit gave the wolf（間接賓語）?the carrot（直接賓語）. 兔子給了狼胡蘿卜

The wolf was given the carrot by the rabbit. 狼被兔子給了胡蘿卜。（強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語）

The carrot was given to the wolf?by the rabbit. 胡蘿卜被兔子給了狼。（強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語）

4.?主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)

The wolf invited the rabbit to her party. 狼邀請了兔子去她的聚會。

The rabbit was invited to the party by the wolf.兔子被狼邀請去了聚會。

*注意

The rabbit made the wolf ?to?laugh.?兔子把狼弄笑了。

Make后邊接的是省略to的不定式，這種不帶to的動詞不定式被稱為bare infinitive

這種省略了to的動詞不定式改成被動語態(tài)時，要把to還原。

The wolf was made?to laugh by the rabbit. 狼被兔子逗笑了。

5.?主+系+表（主語補(bǔ)語）【沒有被動語態(tài)】

The rabbit is smart.

這種句型沒有辦法變成被動語態(tài)。

被動語態(tài)和時態(tài)、語氣、情態(tài)動詞相結(jié)合的話，就會產(chǎn)生一系列“化學(xué)反應(yīng)”，比如：

The rabbit has eaten?the carrot.

The carrot has been eaten?by the rabbit.

The carrot has not?been eaten?by the rabbit.

Has?the carrot been eaten?by the rabbit.

The rabbit would have eaten?the carrot.

The carrot would have been eaten?by the rabbit.

The carrot would not?have been eaten?by the rabbit.

Would?the carrot have been eaten by the carrot.

The rabbit might eat?the carrot.

The carrot might be eaten?by the rabbit.

The carrot might not?be eaten?by the rabbit.

Might?the carrot be eaten by the rabbit.

這些變位主要是針對構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)所需的be動詞的變位，很有規(guī)律。