Part I

第一部分

RUSSIA

俄羅斯

CHAPTER ONE

第一章

“A RIDDLE WRAPPED IN AN ENIGMA”

“謎團包裹在謎團中”

It was a brilliant, cloudless June day as we stood near the rapidly revolving door of our Moscow hotel waiting to finally meet our first Communist psychic researcher. Muscovites, we noticed, walked like New Yorkers, fast, even in the heat as they jostled along Gorky Street and past the new Minsk Hotel, six scorching blocks from the Kremlin. Around us in the lobby, languages fizzed like bubbles in soda. Tourists knotted together; Russians stepped patiently around them. Middle-echelon Soviet bureaucrats on business trips were off to afternoon appointments in their standard summer wear: sandals, slacks, and nylon sport shirts. A tall, lean Russian cut through this crowd, straight towards us. Minutely pressed dark suit, French cuffs, he conjured wrinkle-free memories of air conditioning.

那是一個晴朗無云的六月日子，我們站在莫斯科酒店快速旋轉(zhuǎn)的門附近，等待著終于見到我們第一位共產(chǎn)黨心靈研究員。我們注意到莫斯科人走路的姿態(tài)和紐約人很像，即使在炎熱的天氣里，他們也快速地在高爾基大街上擠來擠去，經(jīng)過克里姆林宮六個火辣辣的街區(qū)外的新明斯克酒店。在大廳里，各種語言像蘇打水中的氣泡般爆發(fā)。游客們聚集在一起，俄羅斯人耐心地繞過他們。中層蘇聯(lián)官僚們在公務(wù)旅行中穿著標準的夏季裝：涼鞋，褲子和尼龍運動衫。一位高大瘦削的俄羅斯人穿過人群，徑直走向我們。他的衣服整整齊齊，深色西裝，法式袖口，讓人聯(lián)想到?jīng)]有皺紋的空調(diào)記憶。

“I’m so glad you’re here. I’m so very glad”, Edward Naumov repeated warmly as he shook various Western hands with both of his. Biologist Edward Naumov is one of the guiding energies of Soviet parapsychology—the study of the supernormal. He has traveled throughout the U.S.S.R giving over 460 lectures on ESP and showing scientific ESP films at scores of institutes. Yet just a decade ago Naumov’s profession, parapsychologist, didn’t exist in the Soviet Union. Then in the early sixties, the Stalinist taboo against all things psychic vanished with a bang.

“你們來了，我真是太高興了。真的太高興了。”愛德華·瑙莫夫熱情地重復(fù)著，一邊用雙手和西方的各種手握手。生物學家愛德華·瑙莫夫是蘇聯(lián)超心理學——超?，F(xiàn)象研究——的一位重要人物。他在全蘇聯(lián)各地演講過460多場關(guān)于超感知和展示科學超感知電影的講座。然而，就在十年前，瑙莫夫的職業(yè)——超心理學家，在蘇聯(lián)根本不存在。直到六十年代初，斯大林時期對所有心靈超自然事物的禁忌才突然消失得無影無蹤。

Top-level physiologists, geologists, engineers, physicists, and biologists abruptly plunged into work on ESP. A free-wheeling, little-known psychic renaissance hit Russia. Bank-rolled by their governments, not just Russians, but Bulgarians, Czechs, and Poles are pursuing clues to telepathy, prophecy, and PK—psychokinesis, the ability to move matter with mind alone. These thriving Communist groups hope to prove that supernormal happenings spring from laws of mind. They hope to prove we can harness and use psychic abilities right now.

高級生物學家、地質(zhì)學家、工程師、物理學家和生物學家突然開始研究超感知。一個自由奔放、鮮為人知的心靈復(fù)興在俄羅斯興起。得到政府資助的不僅僅是俄羅斯人，還有保加利亞人、捷克人和波蘭人，他們追尋有關(guān)心靈感應(yīng)、預(yù)言和PK——心靈動力學，用心靈單獨移動物質(zhì)的能力的線索。這些繁榮的共產(chǎn)主義團體希望證明超常現(xiàn)象源于心靈的法則。他們希望證明我們現(xiàn)在就可以駕馭和利用心靈能力。

When we first landed in Moscow in the summer of 1968, we began to wonder if we might have to summon up something like psychic abilities to contact some of these Communist scientists. It wasn’t that they’d never heard of us. When we learned of ESP’s sudden appearance in Russia, we’d written, without great expectations, to some of the scientists supposedly involved. Many of them surprised us with registered letters and cables telling of their work. And the letters kept coming. From Kiev, Leningrad, Moscow, Novosibirsk, for three years, every few months an envelope plastered with Soviet stamps would appear filled with clippings about ESP tests, about controversy and grandiose plans for psychic investigations. Finally Edward Naumov wrote, “Why not come and see for yourselves what we’re doing?” He invited us to an international conference on ESP in Moscow.

當我們在1968年夏天首次抵達莫斯科時，我們開始思考是否需要發(fā)揮類似超感知的能力來聯(lián)系一些共產(chǎn)主義科學家。并不是說他們從未聽說過我們。當我們得知超感知突然在俄羅斯出現(xiàn)時，我們寫信給一些據(jù)說參與其中的科學家，雖然并沒有抱太大期望。然而，許多人都以掛號信和電報的形式回復(fù)我們，告訴我們他們的工作情況。信件還在不斷涌來。從基輔、列寧格勒、莫斯科、新西伯利亞，三年來，每隔幾個月，帶著蘇聯(lián)郵票的信封就會出現(xiàn)，里面裝滿了有關(guān)超感知測試、爭議和大膽的心靈調(diào)查計劃的剪報。最后，愛德華·瑙莫夫?qū)懶叛埼覀儯骸盀槭裁床挥H自來看看我們在做什么呢？”他邀請我們參加莫斯科舉行的超感知國際會議。

Why not? Why not see if we could separate the rhetoric from the results, enthusiasm from facts. We had suitcases packed with questions. Yet when we finally made it to Moscow across five thousand miles of space and, it seemed, about as much red tape, all we really wanted to get over as an opener was, “Here we are”. But this was Moscow, a city of phones, but no phonebooks, of streets lined with official institutes, but no detailed street maps. It didn’t seem sensible to assume our hosts would know where we were, because no one is told what hotel you’ll be staying at until you arrive, body and baggage on the spot.

為什么不呢？為什么不看看我們能不能把言辭和事實區(qū)分開，把熱情和事實區(qū)分開呢？我們的行李箱里裝滿了問題。然而，當我們終于跨越了五千英里的空間，并似乎度過了相當多的麻煩，我們真正想要完成的第一件事就是“我們來了”。但這是莫斯科，這是一個有電話但沒有電話簿的城市，有官方研究院排列的街道，卻沒有詳細的街道地圖。認為我們的東道主會知道我們在哪里，似乎并不明智，因為直到你親自抵達時，沒有人會告訴你你將住在哪家酒店。

We shouldn’t have worried. We were still thinking in Western terms of reasonable ways of getting in touch with people. Instead, two Americans we’d met in Leningrad bumped into us again in our Moscow hotel. Then they boarded a bus and happened to sit near a beauty queen, Miss Lebanon. Miss Lebanon struck up a conversation with two Englishmen who were in Moscow—for an ESP conference. The sharp-eared Americans soon got us all together. We discovered the intrepid British had already found their man, Naumov, and we were connected.

然而我們無需擔心。我們還在用西方的理智方式考慮如何與人們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。然而，在列寧格勒我們遇到的兩個美國人又在莫斯科的酒店里再次碰到了我們。然后他們搭乘一輛公共汽車，偶然與一位美麗的黎巴嫩小姐坐在一起。黎巴嫩小姐與兩名在莫斯科參加超感知會議的英國人開始交談。敏銳的美國人很快把我們幾個人聚在了一起。于是我們找到了英勇的英國人已經(jīng)找到了他們的人，瑙莫夫，于是我們也聯(lián)系上了。

The intense, thirty-six-year-old Naumov plunged right in. “Look, this will give you some idea of what you’re going to be hearing about, some idea of our approach”. He dug into his voluminous satchel. “Here’s the program for the conference”. He held out copies for us and two British delegates, John Cutten and R. George Medhurst (from the Society for Psychical Research in London, the oldest such group in the world).

這位身材高大、年僅三十六歲的瑙莫夫迅速投入到話題中。“看，這會讓你們對你們將要聽到的，對我們的研究方法有一些了解?！彼统隽俗约旱暮窈竦墓陌??！斑@是會議的議程?！彼o我們和兩名英國代表約翰·卡頓和喬治·梅德赫斯特（來自倫敦心靈研究協(xié)會，是世界上最古老的類似組織）遞了一份拷貝。

A program may not sound like much, but this one made us forget about the heat. It was a cornucopia of psychic delights—psychic and scientific, the combination we’d come to Russia to find out about. At the conference we’d hear about dowsing, fingertip vision, PK. We’d learn about photographing the human aura and machines that register telepathy. We’d be hearing about these and an afternoon of other subjects from physicists and biophysicists, chemists, and mathematicians.

一個議程也許聽起來不像什么，但這份議程讓我們忘記了炎熱的天氣。這是一個心靈和科學結(jié)合的豐盛盛宴——超感知和科學的結(jié)合，我們來俄羅斯就是為了了解這個。在會議上，我們將聽到關(guān)于尋水、指尖視覺、PK（心靈動力學）的報告。我們將了解關(guān)于攝影人類氣場和注冊心靈感應(yīng)的機器的方法。從物理學家、生物物理學家、化學家到數(shù)學家，我們將聽到這些和其他主題的下午報告。

Apart from the top brass roster of scientists, we noticed that Karl Nikolaiev was also scheduled to talk. In 1966 Nikolaiev, the Soviet Union’s first “tested” telepathist, had starred in a famous telepathy experiment from Moscow to Siberia. After this success, the Russian people began to hear about “Psi”. “Psi”—the twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet Ψ (pronounced si), is a general term for the whole field of the paranormal.

除了一系列高層科學家的名單，我們注意到還有卡爾·尼古拉耶夫的演講計劃。1966年，尼古拉耶夫是蘇聯(lián)第一位“經(jīng)過測試”的感應(yīng)者，他在莫斯科到西伯利亞的一次著名的心靈感應(yīng)實驗中表現(xiàn)出色。在此之后，俄羅斯人開始聽說“Ψ”?！唉贰薄ＥD字母Ψ（發(fā)音為si）的第23個字母，是心靈超自然領(lǐng)域的通用術(shù)語。

Within a year, psychic Nikolaiev took part in some very strange-sounding, super modern telepathy tests. At Leningrad University he sat in the wiry clutches of a roomful of machinery that registered his bodily reactions as Moscow scientists attempted to send him Morse code messages via telepathy. They claim they succeeded. They claim that with nothing but mind power from Moscow, they influenced Nikolaiev’s brainwaves in Leningrad. These shifts in brainwaves could eventually be decoded, they said, into a word. A psychic SOS system was in the making.

一年之內(nèi)，超感知者尼古拉耶夫參與了一些聽起來非常奇怪、超現(xiàn)代的心靈感應(yīng)測試。在列寧格勒大學，他坐在一屋子裝滿儀器的房間里，莫斯科科學家試圖通過心靈感應(yīng)向他傳遞莫爾斯密碼信號。他們聲稱他們成功了。他們聲稱僅憑莫斯科的心靈力量，他們就影響了列寧格勒的尼古拉耶夫的腦電波。他們說，這些腦電波的變化最終可以解碼成一個單詞。一個心靈SOS系統(tǒng)正在形成之中。

As the translator coalesced the pages of the program into instant English, Naumov seemed to vibrate with words to come, like a radio paused for a station break. “Of course we want to get together specialists working in ESP in our country. That’s one reason for the conference. But there’s another reason. We’d like more contacts with foreigners. After all, parapsychology is an international question. And I believe it’s more than just a question of an exchange of research. Parapsychology must develop in the name of good. It must”, he repeated.

隨著翻譯把議程的頁面翻譯成英語，瑙莫夫似乎已經(jīng)準備好了一大堆話，就像一臺暫停的電臺?！爱斎?，我們希望邀請到在我們國家從事超感知研究的專家。這是舉辦會議的一個原因。但還有另一個原因。我們希望與外國人有更多的接觸。畢竟，心靈超自然現(xiàn)象是一個國際性的問題。我相信這不僅僅是一個研究交流的問題。心靈超自然現(xiàn)象必須在善的名義下發(fā)展。必須如此。”他重復(fù)道。

We thought of the words the famous Russian poet Evgeny Evtushenko wrote to the American writer, Olga Carlisle. “I think there are only two nationalities—good people and bad people. . . . You are Americans. We are Russians. But good Americans will always be closer to me than bad Russians, and to you, I am sure, good Russians are preferable to bad Americans”. Evtushenko and Naumov are of the same generation.

我們想起著名的俄羅斯詩人葉甫根尼·耶夫圖申科寫給美國作家奧爾加·卡萊爾的話：“我認為只有兩個民族——好人和壞人……你們是美國人。我們是俄羅斯人。但好的美國人對我來說永遠比壞的俄羅斯人更親近，而對你們來說，我相信好的俄羅斯人也比壞的美國人更可取?！币驁D申科和瑙莫夫是同一代人。

“I’m so very, very glad you’ve come”, Naumov said once more, and he seemed to mean it right down to his bones. “Particularly from England and America. This meeting will be so helpful. You’ll be able to talk to scientists from all over our country at the conference on Monday”, he added, shepherding the four of us into the Minsk dining room with its long, white tables. Russians traditionally offer the newly arrived guest bread and salt as symbols of hospitality. The ongoing symbols of hospitality among psychic circles turned out to be more inviting: champagne and ice cream.

“我真的，真的很高興你們來了?！辫蛟俅握f道，他似乎是真心實意地這么說?！疤貏e是來自英國和美國。這次會議將會非常有幫助。你們可以在星期一的會議上和我們國家各地的科學家們交談?！彼麕е覀兯膫€人走進明斯克餐廳，里面有長長的白色桌子。俄羅斯人傳統(tǒng)上會以面包和鹽來表示熱情款待。而在超心理學領(lǐng)域，用來表示熱情款待的標志更加誘人：香檳和冰淇淋。

Someone at the table brought up the subject of submarines. Submarines have played a big part in the Russian psychic renaissance. Soviet parapsychology actually surfaced atop the U.S. atomic sub Nautilus. In 1959 French journalists splashed the now rather infamous Nautilus story in headlines. “U.S. Navy Uses ESP on Atomic Sub!” Ship-to-shore telepathy, according to the French, blipped along nicely even when the Nautilus was far underwater. “Is telepathy a new secret weapon? Will ESP be a deciding factor in future warfare?” The speculating French sensationalized “Has the American military learned the secret of mind power?”

桌子上有人提起了潛艇的話題。潛艇在俄羅斯心靈復(fù)興中發(fā)揮了重要作用。蘇聯(lián)超心理學實際上是在美國“核子潛艇”納努特光芒四射的表面上出現(xiàn)的。1959年，法國記者用如今相當臭名昭著的“納努特”故事在頭條報道了它?！懊绹＼娫诤藵撏鲜褂贸袘?yīng)！”根據(jù)法國人的說法，無論納努特潛艇深潛多深，心靈感應(yīng)傳播都很順利?！靶撵`感應(yīng)是一種新的秘密武器嗎？心靈感應(yīng)是否將成為未來戰(zhàn)爭的決定性因素？”法國人猜測“美國軍方是否已經(jīng)掌握了心靈力量的秘密？”

In Leningrad, the Nautilus reports went off like a depth charge in the mind of sixty-eight-year-old Dr. Leonid L. Vasiliev, an internationally recognized physiologist. In April 1960 Vasiliev rose to speak to a gathering of top Soviet scientists. They’d met to commemorate the discovery of radio. No one expected to hear revelations about that bourgeois fiction “mental radio”.

在列寧格勒，納努特的故事在1968年春季像深水炸彈一樣在68歲的列寧格勒大學生理學博士列昂尼德·瓦西列維的頭腦中爆發(fā)。1960年4月，瓦西列維站起來對一群頂尖的蘇聯(lián)科學家發(fā)表演講，他們聚集在一起慶祝無線電的發(fā)現(xiàn)。沒人預(yù)料到他會談?wù)撃莻€資產(chǎn)階級虛構(gòu)的“心靈無線電”。

“We carried out extensive and, until now, completely unreported investigations on ESP under the Stalin regime!” Vasiliev told his startled colleagues. “Today the American Navy is testing telepathy on their atomic submarines. Soviet science conducted a great many successful telepathy tests over a quarter of a century ago! It’s urgent that we throw off our prejudices. We must again plunge into the exploration of this vital field”.

“在斯大林時期，我們進行了廣泛的，直到現(xiàn)在完全沒有報道的心靈感應(yīng)研究！”瓦西列維告訴他震驚的同事們?！敖裉?，美國海軍正在核潛艇上測試心靈感應(yīng)。蘇聯(lián)科學在四分之一個世紀前進行了許多成功的心靈感應(yīng)測試！我們必須迅速消除我們的偏見。我們必須重新投入到這個重要領(lǐng)域的探索中?！?/p>

Dr. Vasiliev, a corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Medicine, Chairman of Physiology at the University of Leningrad, holder of the Lenin Prize, was highly respected in the Soviet Union. The Soviet hierarchy apparently bought Vasiliev’s advice—perhaps because he stated uncompromisingly, “The discovery of the energy underlying ESP will be equivalent to the discovery of atomic energy”.

瓦西列維是蘇聯(lián)醫(yī)學科學院的通訊院士，是列寧格勒大學的生理學主任，是莫斯科工程學院的教授，也是列寧獎的獲得者，在蘇聯(lián)備受尊敬。蘇聯(lián)政府顯然采納了瓦西列維的建議——也許是因為他毫不妥協(xié)地表示：“發(fā)現(xiàn)心靈感應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)能量將等同于核能的發(fā)現(xiàn)”。

Within the year Vasiliev headed a special laboratory for parapsychology at the University of Leningrad. (Westerners often call this the world’s first government-backed ESP lab; actually, Holland has boasted a government-funded psi institute for years.) However, the Parapsychology Laboratory at the prestigious University of Leningrad was a first, vibrating with implications for the Soviet Union.

一年之內(nèi)，瓦西列維成為了列寧格勒大學超心理學專門實驗室的負責人。（西方人通常稱這是世界上第一個政府支持的超感知實驗室；實際上，荷蘭多年來就擁有一家政府資助的超感知研究所。）然而，著名的列寧格勒大學超感知實驗室，對于蘇聯(lián)卻意義重大。

A 1963 Kremlin edict gave top priority to the biological sciences, which in the U.S.S.R. include parapsychology. Major impetus behind the Soviet drive to harness ESP was said to come from the Soviet Military and the Soviet Secret Police. Today the Soviet Union has some twenty or more centers for the study of the paranormal with an annual budget estimated in 1967 at 12 to 20 million rubles ($13 million to $21 million).

1963年的克里姆林宮法令將生物科學，包括超感知學，列為首要發(fā)展領(lǐng)域。蘇聯(lián)推動利用超感知的主要動力據(jù)說來自蘇聯(lián)軍隊和蘇聯(lián)秘密警察。如今，蘇聯(lián)擁有大約20個或更多的超心理學研究中心，據(jù)1967年估計，每年的預(yù)算為1200萬至2000萬盧布（1300萬至2100萬美元）。

As Russia reversed gears and began speeding in pursuit of the supernormal, the United States Navy denied the Nautilus story in tones of demi-horror. No one in the Navy has anything to do with telepathy, they said, and have kept saying since 1959.

隨著俄羅斯逆向而動，開始追求超自然，美國海軍以半恐慌的語氣否認了納努特的故事。自從1959年以來，海軍從未與心靈感應(yīng)有過任何關(guān)聯(lián)。

“Is the Nautilus story really untrue?” Naumov asked us.

“納努特的故事真的是不真實的嗎？”瑙莫夫問我們。

“Who knows?” was our best answer.

“誰知道呢？”這是我們最好的回答。

Whether the American Nautilus tests happened or not, the reports of them were enough to set the Soviets going on some ESP tests with their own submarines. The Soviet tests (see chapter 3) are much more unusual than the supposed Nautilus ones.

無論美國的納努特測試是否發(fā)生過，但是這些報道足以激發(fā)蘇聯(lián)進行自己的潛艇上的超感知測試。與所謂的納努特測試相比，蘇聯(lián)的測試（請參閱第三章）更加不同尋常。

The conversation shifted away from submarines as a young physicist, a friend of Naumov’s, joined us at our table in the Minsk dining room. More cherry ice cream, black coffee, and good, cold Russian champagne appeared. The talk shot from subject to subject. It seemed there was a great deal to tell us.

談話從潛艇轉(zhuǎn)移開來，因為一位年輕的物理學家，是Naumov的朋友，加入了我們在明斯克餐廳的桌子旁。新的櫻桃冰淇淋、黑咖啡和美味的冰冷俄羅斯香檳出現(xiàn)了。談話話題跳來跳去，似乎有很多事情要告訴我們。

For the past ten months, biologist Naumov had been Chief of Technical Parapsychology at a special laboratory affiliated with the Department of Physics of the State Instrumental Engineering College of Moscow. The creation of this laboratory was presided over by many eminent scientists: Dr. Ya. Terletsky, a physics chairman at Moscow University; Dr. E. Sitkovsky of the Academy of Social Sciences; Dr. Pavel Oshchepkov, founder of radar in the U.S.S.R. and President of the Engineering Institute.

過去的十個月里，生物學家Naumov一直擔任莫斯科國家儀器工程學院物理系附屬特殊實驗室的技術(shù)超心理學主任。這個實驗室的創(chuàng)建由許多杰出的科學家主持，其中包括莫斯科大學物理系主任Dr. Ya. Terletsky、社會科學院的Dr. E. Sitkovsky、蘇聯(lián)雷達創(chuàng)始人、工程學院院長Dr. Pavel Oshchepkov。

As one might guess from the title of the laboratory, a major thrust of Soviet ESP work is to develop machines capable of monitoring, testing, and studying ESP. But the Soviets are also eager to study the human, people-to-people aspects of ESP. “We believe ESP is enmeshed with all of everyday life”, they told us. “We believe ESP affects any group situation”. And perhaps with people as warm-hearted and volatile as the Slavs, ESP does flow more easily.

從實驗室的名稱可以猜到，蘇聯(lián)超心理學工作的一個主要方向是開發(fā)能夠監(jiān)測、測試和研究超感知能力的機器。但蘇聯(lián)也渴望研究超感知能力在人與人之間的方面。“我們認為超感知與日常生活中的所有事物都緊密相連”，他們告訴我們。“我們相信超感知影響著任何群體情況”。也許對于像斯拉夫人那樣熱情而多變的人們來說，超感知更容易流動。

Many Westerners seem to have the idea Soviet citizens are robot-like people, gray automatons in a well-run machine shop. An American student we met in Leningrad confessed, “I thought the sun never shone in Russia and the people never smiled—boy was I wrong!” We found the characteristic Russian warmth and generosity a constant of everyday life. Casual Soviet acquaintances presented us with huge, rambling bouquets of flowers and books of poetry from their own libraries. Whenever we snapped a Polaroid picture, enthusiastic passers-by crowded in to argue the merits of the shot and exclaim over the wonders of American science. Grandmotherly elevator operators kept us suspended between floors while they hugged us roundly and blessed our ancestors because we’d given them a small gift.

許多西方人似乎認為蘇聯(lián)公民就像機器人一樣，是在一個良好運轉(zhuǎn)的機器店里的灰色自動機器。我們在列寧格勒遇到的一位美國學生坦白說：“我以為俄羅斯從來不見陽光，人們從來不笑——我錯了！”我們發(fā)現(xiàn)典型的俄羅斯熱情和慷慨是日常生活的常態(tài)。隨意的蘇聯(lián)熟人會送給我們龐大而花哨的花束和他們自己圖書館里的詩集。每當我們拍下一張寶麗來照片，熱情的路人們都會圍攏起來討論這張照片的優(yōu)點，并對美國科學的奇跡感嘆不已。親切的電梯操作員會把我們懸停在樓層之間，同時熱情地擁抱我們，為我們的祖先祈福，因為我們給了她們小小的禮物。

“Telepathy is probably always flowing among people”, Naumov said. “We may always be telepathically aware of subtle thoughts and feelings of others in a group. It helps explain why some people get along well and others instantly dislike one another. Our scientists are trying to study and measure ESP objectively among groups of people”.

“或許心靈感應(yīng)在人與人之間一直在發(fā)生”，Naumov說?！霸谝粋€群體中，我們可能總是能夠心靈感應(yīng)地感知到其他人微妙的思想和感情。這有助于解釋為什么有些人相處得很好，而有些人則立刻互相討厭。我們的科學家正在試圖客觀地研究和測量群體之間的超感知能力”。

Shortly before his death, Bishop James Pike wrote in Psychic, “This whole psi field has opened up a much bigger view of human potential for me. The potential of interrelationship, the sensitivity of the mystery of all that goes on between persons beyond just their words, or their actions or touches. There are things like AM and FM and everything else going on and we’re just beginning to discover some of this. There are more lines of connection in this universe than I ever realized”. Soviet dialectical materialists like Edward Naumov and his scientist friends were talking about the same thing as Pike.

詹姆斯·派克主教在《心靈》一書中在去世前不久寫道：“這整個超心理學領(lǐng)域為我打開了一個更大的人類潛能視野。人與人之間的相互關(guān)系潛能，所有超越言語、行動或觸摸的神秘敏感。就像AM和FM以及其他一切事物一樣，我們才剛剛開始發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的一些。這個宇宙中有更多的聯(lián)系線，比我意識到的還要多?！碧K聯(lián)的辯證唯物主義者，像Edward Naumov和他的科學家朋友，也在談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑椤?/p>

“We believe man has vast hidden potential”, Naumov said, and you couldn’t help feeling his intense sincerity. “It is vital, we must investigate these untapped resources of human beings in every possible way”. He seemed to belong to that Russian school of passionate intellectuals who too often skip meals, sleep, and from their point of view, other such diversions.

“我們相信人類擁有巨大的潛在能力”，Naumov說，你不能不感受到他的強烈誠意?！斑@是至關(guān)重要的，我們必須以各種可能的方式來研究這些未開發(fā)的人類資源”。他似乎屬于那些熱情洋溢的俄羅斯知識分子學派，他們往往會跳過吃飯、睡覺，以及從他們的角度來看的其他娛樂。

The conversation turned to the West. We found the Soviets knew a lot about ESP outside their country. They knew all about Edgar Cayce, the “sleeping prophet”, and had even had a lecture on him in Moscow. They knew about Jeane Dixon, the Washington seeress, and about Gerard Croiset, the Dutch psychic famous for helping the police solve crimes. More surprising to us, the Soviets asked repeatedly about the American Ted Serios, who is supposedly able to make a photograph of a distant building appear on a film by staring at a camera. The Russians, we heard, were also researching this “psychic photography” and wanted all the information they could dig up on Serios.

談話轉(zhuǎn)向了西方。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蘇聯(lián)對他們國外的超感知能力了解很多。他們了解埃德加·凱西，那位“睡著的預(yù)言家”，甚至在莫斯科還有他的講座。他們知道琴·狄克森，華盛頓的預(yù)言家，以及荷蘭的杰拉德·克羅塞特，因幫助警方破案而出名的心靈感應(yīng)者。更讓我們驚訝的是，蘇聯(lián)反復(fù)詢問美國的泰德·塞里奧斯，據(jù)說他能夠通過凝視相機，使遙遠建筑物的照片出現(xiàn)在膠片上。我們聽說，俄羅斯人也在研究這種“心靈攝影”，并想盡可能地獲取關(guān)于塞里奧斯的所有信息。

Soviets knew about American parapsychologists, too. They were certainly familiar with the lifetime of research that Dr. J. B. Rhine has dedicated to the field. Dr. Rhine, formerly of Duke University, now with the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man, is the most eminent American parapsychologist. “Of course”, Naumov went on, “we have more than our share of skeptics here. But thanks in part to Dr. Rhine’s proof of ESP, researchers here aren’t trying to prove again that ESP exists! We are trying to find out how and why psi works”.

蘇聯(lián)也了解美國的超心理學家。他們對J·B·萊恩博士多年來在該領(lǐng)域所做的研究非常熟悉。萊恩博士曾在杜克大學任教，現(xiàn)在是“人類本性研究基金會”的頂尖美國超心理學家。“當然”，Naumov繼續(xù)說，“我們這里也有不少懷疑論者。但部分要感謝萊恩博士證明了超感知的存在，我們這里的研究者不再試圖證明超感知是否存在！我們現(xiàn)在是在試圖找出超感知是如何以及為什么起作用的”。

While the Russians knew much about ESP in the West, Westerners were only getting the tiniest snatches of information about the world of Communist ESP. One of the strangest and most bizarre stories to reach the West via the international wire services in the spring of 1968 told of Nelya Mikhailova. This plump Leningrad housewife was apparently a PK medium. She supposedly had the power to move matter with the mind alone. “When Nelya Mikhailova wants something, she just stares at it and the object begins to creep toward her”.

盡管蘇聯(lián)對西方的超感知能力了解很多，但西方人對共產(chǎn)主義國家超感知領(lǐng)域的信息只是一些零星的片段。1968年春天，通過國際電訊社傳到西方的一個最奇怪、最離奇的消息是關(guān)于Nelya Mikhailova的。這位豐滿的列寧格勒家庭主婦顯然是一位PK媒介者。她據(jù)說有用思想移動物體的能力。“當Nelya Mikhailova想要某樣東西時，她只需要盯著它，物體就開始朝她移動”。

An Associated Press release from Moscow went further. “Nelya has astounded Soviet scientists with her ability to move such things as match sticks or wine glasses without touching them”. Nelya Mikhailova and her supposed mind-over-matter power to move anything from aluminum tubes to apples and water pitchers were question mark number one when we landed in Russia.

莫斯科的一篇美聯(lián)社通訊進一步報道說：“Nelya以她的能力讓蘇聯(lián)科學家大吃一驚，她可以在不觸摸的情況下移動火柴棍或酒杯?！?Nelya Mikhailova以及她所謂的心靈控制物質(zhì)的能力，包括移動鋁管、蘋果和水壺等，成為我們在抵達俄羅斯時面臨的第一個謎題。

“Over forty top scientists, including two Nobel prize winners, have tested Nelya Mikhailova”, our Soviet hosts told us. “Dr. Vasiliev did research with her right up to his death in 1966”.

“超過40名頂尖科學家，包括兩位諾貝爾獎得主，已經(jīng)對Nelya Mikhailova進行了測試”，我們的蘇聯(lián)東道主告訴我們?！癡asiliev博士一直在1966年去世之前與她一起進行研究?！?/p>

We’d heard there were movies of the remarkable Nelya in action.

我們聽說了關(guān)于這位出色的Nelya的行動的電影。

“I produced a film on Mikhailova myself”, Naumov said, “but I don’t think I should tell you about it”. He paused. “Because you’re going to see the film on Monday!” Obviously, the Nelya film was to be the caviar of the conference. “And it’s possible you’ll meet Mrs. Mikhailova too”, he said with a broad smile.

“我親自制作了一部關(guān)于Mikhailova的電影”，Naumov說，“但我想我不應(yīng)該告訴你們這些?！彼Ａ讼聛??！耙驗槟銈儗⒃谛瞧谝豢吹竭@部電影！”顯然，Nelya的電影將成為會議上的一大亮點。“而且你們可能也會見到Mikhailova夫人”，他笑得很燦爛。

Naumov had one last surprise for us. We were all invited to give speeches at the conference. He not only invited, he insisted. With that, Naumov and his friends left to welcome other Western delegates.

Naumov還給我們帶來了最后一個驚喜。我們都被邀請在會議上發(fā)表演講。他不僅邀請了我們，而且堅持邀請。說完這些，Naumov和他的朋友們離開去歡迎其他西方代表。

We’d met our first Communist parapsychologist. He’d come on strong and talked for three hours straight. The biggest impression he left us was of his kinetic curiosity, his kinetic enthusiasm. If nothing else, it looked as if our two weeks in Moscow weren’t going to be dull.

我們見到了我們的第一個共產(chǎn)主義超心理學家。他表現(xiàn)得很強勢，一口氣講了三個小時。他給我們留下最深刻的印象是他那種充滿好奇心和熱情的樣子。至少，我們在莫斯科的兩個星期看起來不會無聊。

Attempting to order supper through the glass-clinking, foot-stamping roar of a Russian wedding party, we talked with our English friends about the First Moscow International Conference on Parapsychology. The original invitation set the conference in December 1967. Then a letter arrived explaining that some four hundred scientific papers had been submitted, “too many to edit in time”, and an expanded conference would be held in May 1968. Soon a note came saying because of “difficulties” the conference would be sometime in June. The bulletin advising when in June flashed out long after we’d sailed from Montreal for Leningrad on the M.S. Pushkin. Meanwhile, we spent two news-free weeks on the Soviet liner enjoying Russian lessons, Ukrainian movies, and a sporting group of Soviet diplomats who donned tutus and ballet shoes to gallumph through Swan Lake on amateur night. After a week of Leningrad’s famous White Nights, when it’s pearly light even at one a.m., we boarded the Red Arrow Express for Moscow, miraculously arriving just in time for the conference.

在俄羅斯一個婚禮晚宴的歡聲笑語和杯盤狼藉的背景下，我們與我們的英國朋友討論著第一屆莫斯科國際超心理學會議。最初的邀請將會議定于1967年12月。然后收到一封信解釋說提交了大約四百份科學論文，“編輯的時間太緊”，于是會議推遲到1968年5月舉行。不久之后又來了一張紙條，說因為“困難”，會議將在六月某個時候舉行。但是，我們從蒙特利爾乘坐的M.S.普希金號輪船前往列寧格勒時，關(guān)于六月份具體何時舉行會議的通知已經(jīng)遲遲未到。與此同時，我們在蘇聯(lián)的輪船上度過了兩個沒有新聞的星期，學習俄語，觀看烏克蘭電影，欣賞一群蘇聯(lián)外交官在業(yè)余夜晚穿著芭蕾舞裙和芭蕾舞鞋跳《天鵝湖》的精彩表演。在列寧格勒名揚四海的白夜過后，當它在凌晨一點鐘仍然擁有珍珠般的光輝時，我們乘坐“紅箭號”快車前往莫斯科，準時趕到了會議現(xiàn)場。

“Unfortunately”, George Medhurst told us, “John and I are going to miss the second day of the conference. Our visas run out. Intourist says there’s nothing we can do about it”. There wasn’t. You have to tell Intourist, the Soviet agency that oversees foreign visitors, exactly how long you’re going to be at each place you stop in Russia—and you have to pay in full well before you’re allowed into the country.

“不幸的是”，喬治·梅德赫斯特告訴我們，“約翰和我將錯過會議的第二天。我們的簽證到期了。旅游機構(gòu)說我們無能為力。”的確如此。你必須準確告訴蘇聯(lián)外國游客管理機構(gòu)Intourist，你在俄羅斯每個停留地點計劃停留多長時間，并且在獲得進入該國許可之前，必須提前全額支付費用。

As we strolled along Moscow’s Gorky Street late that evening we speculated on this new Soviet push into research on the paranormal. When we first decided to do this book, we went to Durham, North Carolina, to consult Dr. J. B. Rhine, the dean of American parapsychologists. “The inspiration of the Communist movement centered on a new understanding of the nature of man, but it only got through to a certain level”, he told us. “Now the Russians may be ready for a larger science, a new and more spiritual understanding of man. This new Soviet work in parapsychology at a high scientific level could be very hopeful”.

當晚晚些時候，我們漫步在莫斯科的高爾基大街上，對蘇聯(lián)對超自然領(lǐng)域的新推動進行推測。當我們決定寫這本書時，我們?nèi)チ吮笨_來納州的杜蘭市咨詢美國超心理學泰斗J·B·萊恩博士?！肮伯a(chǎn)主義運動的靈感集中在對人性本質(zhì)的新理解，但它只到達了一定層次”，他告訴我們?！艾F(xiàn)在，蘇聯(lián)可能已經(jīng)準備好進入一個更大的科學領(lǐng)域，對人性進行新的、更加精神的理解。這種在高科學水平上進行的新的蘇聯(lián)超心理學研究可能是非常有希望的”。

On our way back to New York from Durham, we stopped at the Edgar Cayce Foundation in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Among the volumes of predictions made by the American psychic, we discovered that over forty years ago Cayce had prophesied that one day out of Russia would come a great spiritual development. Was this what the unexpected psychic renaissance pointed toward?

回到紐約途中，我們在弗吉尼亞州比吉海灘的埃德加·凱西基金會停留。在美國超感應(yīng)者所作的預(yù)測中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在四十多年前，凱西曾預(yù)言說，有一天，俄羅斯將會出現(xiàn)一個偉大的精神發(fā)展。這是否是這場意想不到的心靈復(fù)興所指向的方向？

Or did the Russians, as some observers believed, have more devious reasons for exploring ESP and ways to control the mind?

或者，正如一些觀察者所認為的那樣，俄羅斯對探索超感知和控制心靈有更多的不可告人的原因？

For all her famous “mystic soul”, her fabulously peopled occult history, Russia since the Communist revolution had been inordinately leery of anything that could not be immediately seen in the clear, material light of day. Why the sudden shift? What were the Soviets up to?

盡管有著著名的“神秘靈魂”和豐富的神秘歷史，自共產(chǎn)主義革命以來，俄羅斯對任何在明朗的物質(zhì)光芒中看不見的事物都持非常謹慎的態(tài)度。為什么會突然轉(zhuǎn)變？蘇聯(lián)人在做什么？

In New York, a famous psychic told us in the spring of 1968, “I see dark clouds hanging over Russia. Very dark indeed”, she added grimly.

在1968年春季，紐約一位著名的超感應(yīng)者告訴我們：“我看到黑云籠罩在俄羅斯上空。非常黑暗”，她嚴肅地補充道。

Had we known then what we now know about the currents pressing toward the surface in the Soviet Union, we would have been a lot more nervous about suddenly being plunged into an area of serious political controversy—ESP.

如果那時我們已經(jīng)知道現(xiàn)在我們了解的有關(guān)蘇聯(lián)內(nèi)部思潮的一切，我們會對突然陷入嚴重政治爭議——超感應(yīng)領(lǐng)域——的地區(qū)感到更加緊張。

The Czech invasion was just weeks away. Only days after we arrived in Moscow, a manifesto by Dr. Andrei Sakharov, father of the Soviet H bomb, reached the West. This “Report Against the System”, reflecting the liberal ideas of the Soviet scientific elite, shocked Soviet officials. There were also open demonstrations by Soviet citizens against policies of the regime—something previously unheard of in Russia. At the same time, backlash Neo-Stalinists were rapidly consolidating control. Soon hundreds of scientists would be fired for political reasons. Soon all of the scientists in the country would be required to undergo political examinations. We had arrived in the Communist world while it was halfway between renaissance and inquisition.

捷克斯洛伐克入侵只有幾周之遙。我們到達莫斯科后僅幾天，蘇聯(lián)H彈之父安德烈·薩哈羅夫博士的宣言傳到西方。這份“反體制報告”反映了蘇聯(lián)科學精英的自由主義思想，震驚了蘇聯(lián)官員。蘇聯(lián)市民還進行了對抗政權(quán)政策的公開示威——在俄羅斯以前從未聽說過這種情況。同時，反彈的新斯大林主義者正在迅速鞏固控制權(quán)。很快，數(shù)百名科學家將因政治原因被解雇。不久之后，全國的科學家都將被要求接受政治審查。我們來到共產(chǎn)主義世界時，正好處于文藝復(fù)興和審判之間。

Fortunately for our peace of mind that first evening in Moscow, we weren’t yet fully aware of all that was rumbling behind the scenes. As we walked along Gorky Street, we half-heartedly made the usual jokes about microphones in the lamp and wondered about the odd circumstances surrounding the conference. The lime trees sent big puffs of fuzz into the warm air. They floated like a surreal snowstorm over the heads of the crowds sauntering now at midnight. Since Sheila’s 1961 trip to Russia, New York-style steel and glass buildings had sprung up to reflect the ancient, Asian domes of Moscow. There were new consumer goods, new stores, more cars, better-dressed people. As we walked toward the Kremlin and past the old Metropol Hotel, once the Moscow headquarters of Rasputin, the mystic monk who’d held the Tsar and all Russia in his sway, we wondered if we’d find out anything solid about the space-age telepathy of Karl Nikolaiev and about the ways or wiles of Nelya Mikhailova.

幸運的是，對于我們第一個晚上在莫斯科，我們并不完全意識到幕后正在發(fā)生的一切。我們在高爾基大街上散步時，雖然有些調(diào)侃，玩笑著說臺燈里有竊聽器，但對于會議周圍的奇怪情況還心存疑惑。在溫暖的空氣中，椴樹發(fā)出大團大團的絨毛，像超現(xiàn)實主義的風雪在午夜時分在漫步的人群頭頂飄舞。自從希拉在1961年前往俄羅斯以來，類似紐約風格的鋼鐵玻璃建筑冒起，反射著莫斯科的古老亞洲穹頂。有了新的消費品、新的商店、更多的汽車和穿著更好的人們。當我們朝著克里姆林宮走去，路過古老的梅特羅波爾酒店，曾經(jīng)是俄羅斯沙皇和全國的據(jù)點的拉斯普京的莫斯科總部，我們不知道我們是否能夠真正了解到卡爾·尼古拉耶夫的太空時代的心靈感應(yīng)，以及涅利婭·米哈伊洛娃的手段或詭計。

The Soviets seemed to be plunging into the psychic realm from perspectives very different from those of the West. Were they slowly making clear a new understanding of what a human being is? Had the Soviets found proof that we all possess supernormal powers?

蘇聯(lián)似乎從與西方截然不同的角度深入探索心靈領(lǐng)域。他們是否慢慢地明確了對人類的新理解？蘇聯(lián)是否找到了我們所有人都擁有超常能力的證據(jù)？