What Gen-Z graduates want from their employers

z世代的畢業(yè)生希望從雇主那里得到什么

What graduates want

畢業(yè)生想要什么

More flexibility, more security—and more money

更多的靈活性，更多的安全性以及更多的錢

Generation z is different. As a whole, Americans born between the late 1990s and early 2000s are less likely to have work or look for it: their labour-force-participation rate is 71%, compared with 75% for millennials (born between 1980 and the late 1990s) and 78% for Generation x (born in the decade or so to 1980) when each came of age. As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. On the other hand, they are better educated: 66% of American Gen-zs have at least some college (see chart 1). The trend is similar in other rich countries. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest batch of diploma-holders are entering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past. And as the economy sours following a pandemic jobs boom, those wants are in flux.

【1】in (a state of) flux 處于不斷的變動中

Z世代則與眾不同?？傮w而言，90年代末到21世紀初出生的美國人參與工作或找工作的可能性較?。寒數搅斯ぷ鞯哪昙o，他們的勞動力參與率為71%，而千禧一代(1980年到90年代末出生)的勞動力參與率為75%，X世代(1980年前后出生)的參與率為78%。因此，他們在勞動力中所占的比例更小。另一方面，他們接受了更好的教育：66%的美國Z世代至少有一些上過大學。其他發(fā)達國家的趨勢也類似。隨著畢業(yè)典禮的結束，最新一批持有文憑的人開始進入就業(yè)市場。他們想從雇主那里得到的也與過去幾代人不太一樣。疫情就業(yè)熱潮后，經濟惡化，這些需求也在不斷變化。

Start with their broad preferences. Although Gen-z recruits felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has unearthed new possibilities. The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks in more exotic locales or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.

?【1】hammock 吊床

從他們廣泛的偏好開始。盡管z世代的新員工在疫情開始時比他們的老同事感到更孤獨，更孤立，但遠程工作的能力挖掘出了新的可能性。它的好處不僅僅是穿著睡衣工作。許多人在異國他鄉(xiāng)的沙灘椅和吊床上接聽電話，或者逃離大城市，尋找更便宜或更大的房子。

In Microsoft’s latest Work Trend Index, which polled more than 30,000 workers in 31 countries in January and February, more than half of Gen-z hybrid workers said they were relocating thanks to remote work, compared with 38% of people overall. The option to work remotely is increasingly non-negotiable. Workers aged 18 to 34 are nearly 60% more willing to quit than their older peers if the choice is taken away, according to research by McKinsey, a consultancy. They are also more likely to engage with job listings that mention flexibility.?

微軟最新的工作趨勢指數報告，在今年1月和2月對31個國家的3萬多名員工進行了調查，結果顯示，超過一半的z世代混合辦公的員工表示，多虧了遠程辦公，他們得以搬家，而整體中這一比例為38%。遠程工作的選擇越來越沒有商量余地了。根據麥肯錫咨詢公司的研究，如果選擇被剝奪，年齡在18到34歲之間的員工辭職的意愿比年齡更大的員工高出近60%。他們也更有可能參與到提到靈活性的工作列表中。

This has big implications. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are falling out of favour with recent graduates. A study by ManpowerGroup, a recruitment company, suggests an inverse relationship between talent shortages and flexible working policies. The sectors which are either less able to offer remote work or have been slower to embrace it—including construction, finance, hospitality and manufacturing—have faced some of the biggest skills gaps for all types of job. The same is almost certainly true for their university-educated workers.

這具有重大意義。那些不能在家完成工作的行業(yè)正在失去應屆畢業(yè)生的青睞。招聘公司萬寶盛華的一項研究表明，人才短缺與靈活的工作政策之間存在反比關系。包括建筑、金融、酒店和制造業(yè)在內的那些不太能提供遠程工作能力或接受速度較慢的行業(yè)，在所有類型的工作中都面臨著最大的技能差距。幾乎可以肯定，他們受過大學教育的員工也是如此。

That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young recruits trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. Ever since thousands of banking jobs were axed—and the industry’s reputation tarnished—in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007-09, big tech has looked more attractive to graduates than big banks have. In Britain, the number of young people studying computer science rose by almost 50% between 2011 and 2020, to over 30,000. More than 31,000 took up an engineering course in 2020, up by 21% from 2011.?

這反過來又加速了年輕員工從華爾街跳槽到硅谷的趨勢。自從2007-2009年金融危機爆發(fā)以來，成千上萬的銀行工作崗位被裁減，行業(yè)聲譽受損，大型科技公司對畢業(yè)生的吸引力似乎比大銀行更大。在英國，2011年至2020年間，學習計算機科學的年輕人數量增長了近50%，達到3萬多人。2020年，超過31,000人學習了工程類課程，這一比例比2011年增長了21%。

Now technology bosses are more willing than their opposite numbers in finance to let employees work from home (or anywhere else). Bank ceos such as Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan Chase or James Gorman of Morgan Stanley have urged employees back to the office. By contrast, Mark Zuckerberg has allowed workers at Meta, his social-media giant, to work from anywhere if their role allows it even after the firm reopened its American offices in March.?

現在，科技公司的老板們比金融界的老板們更愿意讓員工在家(或其他任何地方)工作。摩根大通的杰米?戴蒙和摩根士丹利的詹姆斯?戈爾曼等銀行首席執(zhí)行官敦促員工回到辦公室。相比之下，馬克·扎克伯格允許他的社交媒體巨頭Meta公司的員工在他們的職責允許的任何地方工作，即使該公司在3月份重新開放了其美國辦公室。

Annual rankings of employer desirability by Universum, a graduate-staffing consultancy, bear this out. In 2008 the list of best employers as graded by American graduates was dominated by big banks and the Big Four consulting firms (Deloitte, ey, kpmg and pwc). By 2021 seven of the ten highest spots were occupied by tech and media giants.?

【1】bear out 為..作證

畢業(yè)生招聘咨詢公司優(yōu)興咨詢的年度雇主期望值排名證實了這一點。2008年，由美國畢業(yè)生打分的最佳雇主名單被大銀行和四大咨詢公司(德勤，安永，畢馬威和普華永道)所主導。到2021年，前10名中有7名被科技和媒體巨頭占據。

There are signs that Gen-zs’ love affair with tech may be losing some of its ardour. After a decade of frantic hiring, tech is suddenly looking like a less secure early-career bet for the ambitious graduate. Having taken a battering from nervy investors this year, companies such as Alphabet, Meta, Microsoft and Uber have slowed hiring. Twitter has revoked recently made job offers. Netflix has laid off hundreds of workers. So have newer tech darlings such as Coinbase and Robinhood. Elon Musk, Tesla’s chief executive, has announced a hiring freeze and cuts of about a tenth of the electric-car maker’s staff. More than 28,000 workers in America’s tech sector have lost their jobs so far in 2022, according to Crunchbase, a data provider. Those graduates who do choose tech are likelier to pick an established firm over a sexy startup with hazier prospects.

有跡象表明，z世代對科技的熱愛可能正在失去一些熱情。在經歷了10年的瘋狂招聘之后，對于雄心勃勃的畢業(yè)生來說，科技行業(yè)作為早期職業(yè)選擇，突然變得不那么可靠了。Alphabet、Meta、微軟和優(yōu)步等公司今年遭受了緊張不安的投資者的重創(chuàng)，已經放緩了招聘速度。Twitter已經撤銷了最近的工作offer。Netflix已經解雇了數百名員工。Coinbase和Robinhood等新興科技公司也是如此。電動汽車制造商特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官埃隆?馬斯克宣布“凍結”招聘，并裁員約十分之一。數據提供商Crunchbase的數據顯示，到目前為止，美國科技行業(yè)有超過2.8萬名員工在2022年失去了工作。那些選擇科技行業(yè)的畢業(yè)生更有可能選擇一家成熟的公司，而不是前景模糊的吸引人的初創(chuàng)公司。

Some graduates may instead opt for other high-tech sectors that seem less vulnerable to economic swings. Drugmakers at the forefront of the covid-19-vaccine rollout are finding particular favour. AstraZeneca and Pfizer, each of which has produced an effective jab, shot up in the rankings of Britain’s most attractive employers last year. AstraZeneca doubled its intake of high-school and university graduates in 2021. The war in Ukraine, meanwhile, may boost the appeal of armsmakers—shunned by some millennials and Gen-xers as irredeemably unethical but now able to portray themselves as producers of the “arsenal of democracy”.

一些畢業(yè)生可能會轉而選擇其他似乎不太容易受到經濟波動影響的高科技行業(yè)。率先推出covid-19疫苗的制藥商受到了特別的青睞。阿斯利和輝瑞都生產出了一種有效的疫苗，它們在去年英國最具吸引力雇主排行榜上的排名大幅上升。阿斯利康在2021年將高中和大學畢業(yè)生的招聘人數增加了一倍。與此同時，烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭可能會提高武器制造商的吸引力，一些千禧一代和x世代曾經因不可救藥的不道德而回避他們，但現在卻能夠把自己描繪成“民主軍火庫”的生產者。

Graduates’ sharpening focus on job security also boosts the appeal of the public sector, notes Dan Hawes, co-founder of Graduate Recruitment Bureau, a British firm. In Britain, applications for government jobs rose by nearly a third at the start of the pandemic. In March there were an estimated 67,000 more public-sector employees in the country than a year earlier. Around 1.4m Chinese vied for just over 31,000 government positions by sitting the notoriously tough national civil-service exam in November 2021, up by more than 40% compared with the previous year.

英國畢業(yè)生招聘局的聯合創(chuàng)始人丹?霍斯指出，畢業(yè)生對工作保障的重視也提升了公共部門的吸引力。在英國，申請政府職位的人數在疫情開始時增加了近三分之一。據估計，三月份全國公共部門雇員數比去年同期增加了67,000人。大約140萬中國人參加了2021年11月舉行的眾所周知很難的國家公務員考試，以競爭31000多個政府職位，這一比例比去年增加了40%以上。

If graduates keep gravitating towards safe government jobs, that will leave a smaller talent pool for private employers to fish in. Despite signs of a slowing economy, labour markets remain tight. Many older professionals quit their jobs during the pandemic. Others retired early.?

如果畢業(yè)生繼續(xù)被穩(wěn)定的政府工作所吸引，那么留給私人雇主的人才庫就會減少。盡管有經濟放緩的跡象，勞動力市場仍然緊張。許多年長的專業(yè)人士在疫情期間辭職。其他則早早退休。

Britain’s labour force has lost more than 250,000 people since covid-19 first struck. America has 3.3m fewer people working. The latest official figures there show 11.3m job openings but only 6m unemployed Americans. It will take at least four years for the American labour market to return to its pre-pandemic employment rates, according to the oecd, a club of mostly rich countries.?

自covid-19首次爆發(fā)以來，英國勞動力已經失去了25萬多人。美國的工作人口減少了330萬。最新的官方數據顯示，美國有1130萬個職位空缺，但失業(yè)的美國人只有600萬。根據主要由發(fā)達國家組成的經合組織的數據，美國勞動力市場至少需要四年時間才能恢復到疫情前的就業(yè)率水平。

How far will companies go to entice younger workers—and keep them happy? For the time being the short answer seems to be: quite far. To burnish its flexible-working credentials Citigroup, a bank, has opened a new hub in the Spanish coastal city of Málaga, luring over 3,000 applicants for just 30 analyst roles. In addition to providing gourmet meals, round-the-clock massages and nap pods, Google recently hired Lizzo, a pop star, to perform for staff.?

公司要想吸引年輕員工，并讓他們滿意，該做多少努力？就目前而言，簡短的答案似乎是:相當多才行。為了提高其靈活辦公的資格，花旗銀行在西班牙沿海城市馬拉加開設了一個新的中心，吸引了3000多名申請者競爭30個分析師職位。谷歌，除了提供美食、24小時按摩和午睡艙，它最近還聘請了流行歌手莉佐為員工表演。

The best thing firms can do to attract young talent is to cough up more money. According to Universum, some earlier Gen-z hobby horses such as an employer’s commitment to diversity and inclusion or corporate social responsibility have edged down the list of American graduates’ priorities. A competitive base salary and high future earnings have edged up. Banks such as JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs and Citigroup, and management consultancies including McKinsey and bcg have bumped first-year analysts’ annual pay up to $100,000. Law firms have been raising their starting salaries. bp, a British energy giant, offers recent graduates sign-on bonuses of as much as ￡5,000 ($6,000) and discounts on cars. Money isn’t everything. But it’s something.?

【1】hobby horse 喜愛的話題

為了吸引年輕人才，公司能做的最好的事情就是掏出更多的錢。優(yōu)興咨詢稱，z世代早期的一些偏好，比如雇主對多元化和包容性的承諾或企業(yè)社會責任的承諾，在美國畢業(yè)生的優(yōu)先考慮事項清單上逐漸下降。有競爭力的基本工資和未來高收益已經慢慢上升。摩根大通、高盛和花旗集團等銀行，以及麥肯錫和波士頓咨詢集團等管理咨詢公司，已將分析師第一年的年薪提高至10萬美元。律師事務所一直在提高起薪。英國能源巨頭BP公司為應屆畢業(yè)生提供高達5000英鎊(6000美元)的簽約獎金和購車折扣。錢不是萬能的。但很重要。