今天看到一個(gè)句子——

"The collaboration between AI and musicians to complete Beethoven's unfinished 10th Symphony is a fascinating and innovative approach to celebrate the genius of the composer."

人工智能與音樂(lè)家們合作完成了貝多芬未完成的第十交響曲，這是一種絕妙且創(chuàng)新的方式來(lái)紀(jì)念這位天才作曲家。

看到這句話時(shí)，我在想，為什么AI和音樂(lè)家的合作要用collaboration，用cooperation不可以嗎？說(shuō)到底，collaboration和cooperation之間有什么區(qū)別？

遇事不決先查柯林斯。

Collaboration?is the act of working together to produce a piece of work,?especially?a book or some?research.

Cooperation : 1.joint?operation?or action

2.assistance?or willingness to?assist

3.(economics)the?combination?of?consumers,?workers,?farmers, etc, in activities usually?embracing?production,?distribution, or?trade

4.?(ecology)beneficial?but?inessential?interaction?between two species in a?community

了解了單詞自身的含義，再來(lái)看它們的區(qū)別。

Diffen上是這樣寫的：

Collaboration is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal.

Cooperation is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for their common/mutual benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit.

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，Collaboration強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員共同追求一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo)，并通過(guò)共享技能和資源來(lái)達(dá)成該目標(biāo)；Cooperation強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體或組織在特定活動(dòng)或項(xiàng)目中共同努力，但其動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)可能并不完全相同，可能是為了相互利益。前者給人積極主動(dòng)、不分彼此的印象，而后者更多時(shí)候是一種“不得不”、“出于契約精神”的配合與協(xié)助。

看幾個(gè)例句感受一下：

Collaboration
1.The researchers from different universities worked in collaboration to publish a groundbreaking scientific paper. （來(lái)自不同大學(xué)的研究人員合作撰寫一篇具有開創(chuàng)性的科學(xué)論文。）

2.The film was a result of the collaboration of talented actors, directors, and writers. （這部電影是優(yōu)秀演員、導(dǎo)演和編劇合作的結(jié)果。）

3.Jake wrote a book on UK early years education in collaboration with child development specialist Ruth.（Jake與兒童發(fā)展專家Ruth合作，共同撰寫了一本有關(guān)“英國(guó)早教”的書。）

Cooperation

1.The two companies entered into a cooperation agreement to expand their market presence.?（這兩家公司簽訂了合作協(xié)議，以擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)份額。）

2.International cooperation is essential to address global challenges such as climate change and poverty. （國(guó)際合作對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和貧困等全球挑戰(zhàn)至關(guān)重要。）

3.The success of the project was a result of the close cooperation between the government and private sector. （該項(xiàng)目的成功是政府和私營(yíng)部門緊密合作的結(jié)果。）

4.Thanks for your cooperation!（感謝您的配合。）

5.We ask for your full cooperation during the investigation.（我們要求你完全配合我們的調(diào)查。）

此外，一般提及“合作精神”、“合作文化”等時(shí)，多使用"cooperation"，如"a spirit of cooperation"、"a culture of cooperation"。