第五講 主謂一致（二）

5.1 以并列結(jié)果作主語的主謂一致

• 由 and/both...and連接的并列主語 如果作主語的并列結(jié)果不是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，而是表示單數(shù)意義，則動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。例如：

  Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.? (一樣的飯） 所以說是單數(shù)；

  What I say and think are no business of yours. 兩種要做的事情 所以說是復(fù)數(shù)；

  當(dāng)and連接的并列名詞詞組帶有 each, every, many a 等限定詞時(shí)，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；

• 由 or/ nor /either ... or等連接的并列主語，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式通常按照“就近原則”處理！

  My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home. 單數(shù)

  Either my father or my sisters are coming.

• 主語 + as much as 等； 當(dāng)主語后面跟有 as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等引導(dǎo)的從屬結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式依照主語本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：

  Some of the workers as much as? the manager were responsible for the loss.

  Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process. (進(jìn)化過程）

• 主語 + as well as 等 當(dāng)主語后面跟有 as well as, in addition to, with, along with, tohether with, except 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞形式也取決于主語本身的形式。 例如：

  The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.? ?(就遠(yuǎn)原則）

5.2 以表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組作主語的主謂一致問題

英語中有一些表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組。數(shù)量概念分為兩類：一類是確定數(shù)量，如 tow months, six quarts 等； 另一類是非確定性數(shù)量，如 all of ... , some of, none of... , 等。 如果使用這一類名詞作主語，往往產(chǎn)生主謂一致的問題。

以表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語

當(dāng)名詞是表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組時(shí)，解決主謂一致問題有以下規(guī)則可循。

1.如果數(shù)量概念被看做是一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 如果數(shù)量概念被看作組成該數(shù)量的一個(gè)個(gè)個(gè)體，則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 例如：

The treasurer thought that sixty-five dollars was not too much to ask.

There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.

2.如果作主語的名詞詞組是由 “分?jǐn)?shù)（或百分?jǐn)?shù)） + of? - 詞組” 構(gòu)成，其動(dòng)詞形式依 of - 詞組中名詞類別而定。 例如：

Two-thirds of the swampland(沼澤地) has been recllaimed (開墾) for farming.

Twenty-one per cent of the doctors were women.

3.兩數(shù)相減或相除，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，兩數(shù)相加或相乘，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。

4.如果主語由 “one in / one out of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 構(gòu)成，在正式語體中，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；

以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語

當(dāng)主語為非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組時(shí)，解決主謂一致有以下規(guī)則可循。

1.如果主語是 all of... , some of..., none of ..., half of ..., most of ...等表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組，其后的動(dòng)詞形式依 of- 詞組中的名詞類別而定。

例如：

Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.

Most of the members were there.

2.如果主語是由 “l(fā)ots of, heaps of, loads of,scads of, plenty of + 名詞” 構(gòu)成，表示許許多多等概念時(shí)，隨后動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式也依照 of - 詞組中的名詞類別而定。例如:

Lots of food is going to waste.

lots of people are waiting outside.

3.如果主語是由 “a portion of , a series osf, a pile of,? a panel of + 名詞” 構(gòu)成，不管名詞如何， 動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，例如

A Substantial portion of the reports is missing.

4.如果主語是由 “限定詞 + kind / type / sort of + 名詞” 構(gòu)成，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式按照以下規(guī)則：在 a kind / sort /type of, this kind / sort /type of之后通常跟單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：

This sort of paint is very useful.