ra·tion·al?adj.?/?r??n?l/

1.( of behaviour, ideas, etc. 行為、思想等 ) based on reason rather than emotions 合理的；理性的；明智的

?a rational argument/choice/decision 合理的論點(diǎn)╱選擇╱決定

?rational analysis/thought 有道理的分析╱思考

?There is no rational explanation for his actions. 對(duì)他的所作所為無法作出合理的解釋。

2.( of a person 人 ) able to think clearly and make decisions based on reason rather than emotions 理智的；清醒的

SYN?reasonable

?No rational person would ever behave like that. 有頭腦的人都不會(huì)這樣做。

OPP?irrational

DERIVATIVES 派生詞

1.ra·tion·al·ity?/?r????n?l?ti/?n.?[?U]

·??the rationality of his argument 他的論點(diǎn)的合理性

2.ra·tion·al·ly?/?r??n?li/?adv.

·??to act/behave/think rationally 行動(dòng)╱舉止╱思考合情合理

·??She argued her case calmly and rationally. 她冷靜而又理智地為她的情況辯解。

RECKON WITH SB/STH

(1) [ usually passive] to consider or treat sb/sth as a serious opponent, problem , etc. 重視；認(rèn)真處理

·??They were already a political force?to be reckoned with?. 他們已經(jīng)成為一支不容忽視的政治力量。

(2) ( usually used in negative sentences 通常用于否定句 ) to consider sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for 把（可能出現(xiàn)的問題）考慮進(jìn)去

SYN?take sth into account

• [+ -ing]

?I didn't reckon with getting caught up in so much traffic. 我沒有考慮到塞車會(huì)這么嚴(yán)重。

reck·on·ing?n.?/?rek?n??/

1.[ UC] the act of calculating sth, especially in a way that is not very exact 估計(jì)；估算；計(jì)算

?By my reckoning?you still owe me ￡5. 我算計(jì)著，你還欠我5英鎊。

2.[ C] [ usually sing.U] a time when sb's actions will be judged to be right or wrong and they may be punished 最后審判日；算總賬

?In the?final reckoning?truth is rewarded. 在最后算總賬的時(shí)候，誠實(shí)的人會(huì)有好報(bào)。

?Officials concerned with environmental policy predict that?a day of reckoning?will come. 擔(dān)心環(huán)境政策的官員們預(yù)言總有一天人們會(huì)受到報(bào)應(yīng)。

IDIOMS 習(xí)語

• 1.?IN/INTO/OUT OF THE ?RECKONING

( especially?BrE?) ( especially in sport 尤用于體育運(yùn)動(dòng) ) among/not among those who are likely to win or be successful 有（或沒有）獲勝的可能

· reel /ri?l/

|CET6 TEM4

reelingreeledreels

o 1.N-COUNT A reel is a cylindrical object around which you wrap something such as movie film, magnetic tape, or fishing line. 卷軸

? ...a 30-metre reel of cable.
…一卷30米長的電纜。

o 2.V to wind (cotton, thread, etc) onto a reel 繞上卷軸

o 3.V-I If someone reels, they move about in an unsteady way as if they are going to fall. 踉蹌

? He was reeling a little. He must be very drunk.
他有點(diǎn)踉蹌。他一定醉得很厲害。

o 4.V-I If you are reeling from a shock, you are feeling extremely surprised or upset because of it. 感到震驚; 心煩意亂

? I'm still reeling from the shock of hearing about it.
我現(xiàn)在仍然因?yàn)槁牭竭@個(gè)消息而震驚不已。

o 5.N a staggering or swaying motion or sensation 蹣跚的動(dòng)作; 搖晃的動(dòng)作

o 6.

V-I If you say that your brain or your mind is reeling, you mean that you are very confused because you have too many things to think about. 混亂

? His mind reeled at the question.
他的腦子被這個(gè)問題攪混了。

o 7.N any of various lively Scottish dances, such as the eightsome reel and foursome reel for a fixed number of couples who combine in square and circular formations (蘇格蘭)里爾舞; 由數(shù)量固定的一對(duì)對(duì)人編成方隊(duì)和圓隊(duì)表演

fret?/fret/

( -tt- )

~ (about/over sth)( especially?BrE?) to be worried or unhappy and not able to relax 苦惱；煩躁；焦慮不安

• [ V]

?Fretting about it won't help. 苦惱于事無補(bǔ)。

• ?Her baby starts to fret as soon as she goes out of the room. 她一走出房間，嬰兒就躁動(dòng)起來。

[ also VNalso V that ]

low performers?表現(xiàn)不佳的員工

brace?/bre?s/

1.~ sb/yourself (for sth)to prepare sb/yourself for sth difficult or unpleasant that is going to happen （為困難或壞事）使作準(zhǔn)備；使防備

[ VN]

?UN troops are braced for more violence. 聯(lián)合國部隊(duì)準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)付更多的暴行。

?They are bracing themselves for a long legal battle. 他們在為漫長的法律訴訟作準(zhǔn)備。

[ also VN to inf ]

2.[ VN] ~ sth/yourself (against sth)to press your body or part of your body firmly against sth in order to stop yourself from falling 使（身體或身體部位）頂住，抵?。?以免跌倒等）

?They braced themselves against the wind. 他們頂著大風(fēng)站穩(wěn)。

3.[ VN] to contract the muscles in your body or part of your body before doing sth that is physically difficult （做費(fèi)勁的事之前）繃緊（身體部位）的肌肉

?He stood with his legs and shoulders braced, ready to lift the weights. 他繃緊腿和肩膀站著，準(zhǔn)備舉起杠鈴。

4.[ VN] ( technical 術(shù)語) to make sth stronger or more solid by supporting it with sth 加強(qiáng)；加固

?The roof was braced by lengths of timber. 屋頂用幾根木頭支撐固定住了。

dis·pro·por·tion·ate?adj.?/?d?spr??p????n?t/

~ (to sth) too large or too small when compared with sth else 不成比例的；不相稱的；太大（或太?。┑?/p>

• ??The area contains a disproportionate number of young middle-class families. 此地年輕的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭特別多。

——compare proportionate

DERIVATIVES 派生詞

dis·pro·por·tion·ately?adv

• ?The lower-paid spend a disproportionately large amount of their earnings on food. 低工資者將收入花在食物上的比例很大。

· augment /??ɡ?m?nt/

|CET6+ TEM8

augmentingaugmentedaugments

o V-T To augment something means to make it larger, stronger, or more effective by adding something to it. 增加

? While searching for a way to augment the family income, she began making dolls.
為求增加家庭收入，她開始做起了玩具娃娃。

· underpin /??nd??p?n/

underpinningunderpinnedunderpins

o 1.V-T If one thing underpins another, it helps the other thing to continue or succeed by supporting and strengthening it. 支撐; 加固

? ...mystical themes that underpin all religions.
...支撐所有宗教的神話主題。

o 2.N-VAR undefined

? ...the economic underpinning of ancient Mexican society.
...古代墨西哥社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。

staff·er?n.?/?stɑ?f?(r)/

(?NAmE?) a member of staff in a big organization （大機(jī)構(gòu)）職員

down·trod·den?adj.?/?da?ntr?dn/

downtrodden?people are treated so badly by the people with authority and power that they no longer have the energy or ability to fight back 受欺壓的；被蹂躪的；被踐踏的

ap·pease?v.

/??pi?z/

(?formal?disapproving) [ VN]

1.to make sb calmer or less angry by giving them what they want 安撫；撫慰

?The move was widely seen as an attempt to appease critics of the regime. 普遍認(rèn)為，這一舉措是試圖安撫批評(píng)政權(quán)的人。

2.to give a country what it wants in order to avoid war 綏靖（滿足另一國的要求以避免戰(zhàn)爭）

DERIVATIVES 派生詞

ap·pease·ment?[ U] n

• ?a policy of appeasement 綏靖政策

PHRASAL VERBS 短語動(dòng)詞

· 1.?TIGHTEN ?UP (ON STH)

to become stricter or more careful 變得更加嚴(yán)格（或小心）

o??Laws on gambling have tightened up recently. 有關(guān)賭博的法律最近變得更加嚴(yán)厲。

o??The police are tightening up on under-age drinking. 警方正在采取更加嚴(yán)厲的措施對(duì)付未成年人飲酒的問題。

· trajectory /tr??d??kt?r?/

o 1.N-COUNT The trajectory of a moving object is the path that it follows as it moves. 拋物線

? ...the trajectory of an artillery shell.
...一枚炮彈的拋物線。

o 2.N-COUNT The trajectory of something such as a person's career is the course that it follows over time. 軌跡

? ...a relentlessly upward career trajectory.
...一個(gè)持續(xù)上升的職業(yè)軌跡。

· bleak /bli?k/

|CET6 TEM4

bleakerbleakest

o 1.ADJ If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve. 黯淡的

? The immediate outlook remains bleak.
最近的前景依然很黯淡。

o 2.N-UNCOUNT 黯淡

? The continued bleakness of the American job market was blamed.
美國就業(yè)市場的持續(xù)低迷被認(rèn)為是其根源。

o 3.ADJ If you describe a place as bleak, you mean that it looks cold, empty, and unattractive. 荒涼的

? The island's pretty bleak.
這個(gè)島很荒涼。

o 4.ADJ When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasant. 陰冷的

? The weather can be quite bleak on the coast.
沿海一帶的天氣可能會(huì)十分陰冷。

o 5.ADJ If someone looks or sounds bleak, they look or sound depressed, as if they have no hope or energy. 沮喪的

? His face was bleak.
他面容沮喪。

o 6.ADV 沮喪地

? "There is nothing left," she says bleakly.
“一點(diǎn)也不剩了，”她沮喪地說。

o 7.N any slender silvery European cyprinid fish of the genus Alburnus, esp A. lucidus, occurring in slow-flowing rivers 歐鲌魚; 銀鯉

· ominous /??m?n?s/ |TEM8

o 1.ADJ If you describe something as ominous, you mean that it worries you because it makes you think that something bad is going to happen. 不祥的

? There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone.
電話那端是一陣不祥的沉默。

o 2.ADV 不祥地

? The bar seemed ominously quiet.
那個(gè)酒吧似乎寂靜得讓人覺得不祥。

head-scratcher

noun

head-scratch·er??hed-?skra-ch?r

plural head-scratchers

informal?:something that is confusing, mysterious, or hard to understand

We love college football for nothing if not the belief—hope even—that at any moment the unexpected could happen. Young as it is, this season has already provided its share of jaw-droppers and head-scratchers.—

headwind /?h?d?w?nd/

|TEM4

o N-COUNT A headwind is a wind which blows in the direction opposite the one in which you are moving. 逆風(fēng)