牧游社 牧有漢化翻譯

Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #9 - National Markets

lachek, Victoria 3 Lead Designer

Hello again! Today we will dig into Victoria 3's National Market system. Markets are what drives the game's dynamic economy by determining a rational price based on supply and demand for all trade goods in every state throughout the world. Expanding your national market to encompass more territory means more raw resources for your furnaces and more customers for your manufacturing industries. As your industrial base grows, so does your demand for infrastructure to bring goods to market.

大家吼??！今天我們來了解一下維多利亞3的國家市場National Market系統(tǒng)。市場驅(qū)動著游戲的動態(tài)經(jīng)濟，在世界上的每一個地區(qū)State，市場會根據(jù)每種商品的供應(yīng)和需求來確定一個合理價格。拓展你的國家市場以囊括更多領(lǐng)土?xí)槟愕娜蹱t帶來更多的原材料，也會為你的制造業(yè)帶來更多客戶。隨著你的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)增長，你對能將商品帶到市場上的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求也會與日俱增。

The French market is swimming in cheap Luxury Furniture, Porcelain, Fruit, and Meat. Luxury Clothes and Wine are well-balanced. But as far as luxuries go, Sugar in particular has a sizable deficit and securing a reliable source of that would likely result in improved supply of domestic distilled Liquor as well.

法國市場正充斥著便宜的奢侈家具、瓷器、水果和肉類。奢侈衣物和葡萄酒正處于良好的平衡中。不過就奢侈品而言，糖正處于相當(dāng)程度的短缺之中，確保一個可靠的糖供應(yīng)源很可能也會改善國內(nèi)蒸餾酒的供應(yīng)狀況。

By default every country is in control of its own market which is typically (but not always) centered on their capital state. Every state connected to this market capital - overland or by sea through ports - is also part of the market. These states all have a variable degree of Market Access representing how well-connected they are to every other state in the market. Market Access is based on Infrastructure, which we will talk more about in next week's development diary!

默認情況下，每個國家都控制著自己的市場，通常以首都地區(qū)為中心（但并非總是如此）。每個連接到這個市場首都的地區(qū)——通過陸路或以港口通過海路——也都是這個市場的一部分。這些地區(qū)都會有不同程度的市場接入度Market Access來表明它們和市場中的每個其他省份的連接情況如何。市場接入度取決于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Infrastructure，在下一篇開發(fā)日志中我們會詳細說明！

All local consumption and production in states contribute to the market’s Buy Orders and Sell Orders. Think of these as orders on a commodity market: higher consumption of Grain will cause traders to submit more Grain Buy Orders while higher production of Silk will result in more Sell Orders for Silk.

所有地區(qū)內(nèi)的本地消費和生產(chǎn)都會影響市場的購買訂單Buy Orders和銷售訂單Sell Orders。你可以把他們想象成商品市場上的訂單：更高的谷物消費會導(dǎo)致商人提交更多的谷物購買訂單，而更高的絲綢生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)致更多的絲綢銷售訂單。

Furniture is a popular commodity with the growing urban lower middle-class, and it's not likely its price in the French Market will drop anytime soon. Assuming the appropriate raw materials remain in good supply, upsizing this market's Furniture industry is a safe bet.

家具在增長的城市中下階級中是非常受歡迎的商品，且短時間內(nèi)它的價格在法國的市場中不太可能會降低。假如合適的原材料能保持良好的供應(yīng)，擴大該市場的家具工業(yè)是有把握能夠獲利的。

As we discussed in the Goods development diary, all goods have a base price. This is the price it would fetch given ideal market conditions: all demand is fulfilled perfectly with available supply, with zero goods produced in excess of demand. If buildings produce more than is being demanded each unit produced will be sold at a depressed price. This benefits consumers at the detriment of producers. Conversely, if demand is higher than supply, the economy of buildings producing those goods will be booming while Pops and buildings that rely on that goods to continue operating will be overpaying.

正如我們之前在商品那一期開發(fā)日志里說的一樣，所有商品都有一個基準(zhǔn)價格。這是在理想市場條件下商品會有的價格：所有需求都由可用的供應(yīng)滿足，且沒有超出需求的商品生產(chǎn)。如果建筑生產(chǎn)了比需求更多的商品，那么每單位商品就會以降低了的價格出售。這會在損害生產(chǎn)者的基礎(chǔ)上造福消費者。相反的，如果需求比供應(yīng)更高，生產(chǎn)這些商品的建筑的經(jīng)營狀況就會更好，但是Pop和需要這些商品才能繼續(xù)運作的建筑就得多付錢了。

When determining prices for goods across a market's many states we start by determining a market price. This is based on the balance between a market's Buy and Sell Orders, with the base price as a baseline. The more Buy Orders than Sell Orders the higher the price will be and vice versa. Buy and Sell Orders submitted to the market are scaled by the amount of Market Access the state has. This means a state with underdeveloped infrastructure will trade less with the market and rely more on locally available goods.

在確定一個市場內(nèi)諸多地區(qū)的商品價格時，我們首先要確定一個市場價格。市場價格取決于市場的購買訂單和銷售訂單，并以基準(zhǔn)價格為基準(zhǔn)線。購買訂單超出銷售訂單越多，價格就會越高，反之亦然。提交到市場上的購買訂單和銷售訂單會根據(jù)該地區(qū)的市場接入度進行調(diào)節(jié)，這意味著一個有著不發(fā)達基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的地區(qū)會更少地和市場交易，并更加依賴本地可用的商品。

States with full Market Access will use the market price for all its goods. Otherwise only part of the market price can be used, with the remainder of the local price made up by the local consumption and production of the goods. All actual transactions are done in local prices, with market prices acting to moderate local imbalances proportional to Market Access.

擁有完整市場接入度的地區(qū)會讓所有商品使用市場價格。否則就僅會使用一部分市場價格，本地價格剩下的部分會由商品的本地消費和本地生產(chǎn)決定。所有的實際交易都根據(jù)本地價格進行，而市場價格可以緩解本地的不平衡，具體程度正比于市場接入度。

Glass is overproduced in Orsha. Coupled with a suffering Market Access in Orsha this means the Glassworks there can't sell at the somewhat high market norm for their goods. This works out fine for local Pops and Urban Centers who consume it as they get to pay less than market price. But continuing to expand the Glassworks in Orsha will only lead to worsening Market Access for all local industries, and won't lead to a better price of Glass anywhere else since fewer and fewer of Orsha's Glass Sell Order ends up reaching the market. We can see this development on the market price chart: the market price used to be high due to low supply, we started expanding the Glassworks in Orsha which lowered the market price, until the point Orsha's expanding industry became a bottleneck and prices started to rise again. The last few expansions have done nothing to lower the market price even as the local price has been steadily dropping.

玻璃在奧爾沙（譯注：白俄羅斯東北部城市，十九世紀時為該地區(qū)重要貿(mào)易中心）處于生產(chǎn)過剩狀態(tài)。這和奧爾沙缺乏市場接入度結(jié)合在一起，意味著玻璃廠并不能以比較高的價格把他們的商品賣出去。對于本地Pop和消耗玻璃的城市中心來說沒什么問題，他們只需付低于市場價格的錢即可。但是繼續(xù)擴建奧爾沙的玻璃廠只會惡化所有本地產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場接入度，也不會降低其它地方的玻璃價格，因為能到達市場的奧爾沙玻璃銷售訂單會越來越少。我們可以在市場價格表中看到情況是如何發(fā)展的：由于低供應(yīng)，市場價格曾經(jīng)非常高，我們擴建奧爾沙的玻璃廠導(dǎo)致了市場價格的降低，直到奧爾沙不斷擴張的工業(yè)成為了瓶頸，價格又再次升高。最后的幾次擴建并未降低市場價格，即便本地價格在穩(wěn)定下降。

If an oversupply becomes large enough, the selling price will be so low producers will be unable to keep wages and thereby production volume up unless they're receiving government subsidies. But oversupply is not remotely as bad as when goods are grossly undersupplied, which causes a shortage. Goods being in shortage leads to terrible effects for those in your market who rely on it; for example, drastically decreased production efficiency of buildings that rely on it as an input. Shortages demand immediate action, whether that be fast-tracking expanding your own domestic production, importing it from other markets, or expanding your market to include prominent producers of the goods.

如果供過于求的情況變得過于嚴重，售價將會低到一定程度，以至于生產(chǎn)者將無法維持工資水平，這時產(chǎn)量只有在受到政府補助時才會增加。但是供過于求遠遠沒有商品嚴重供不應(yīng)求的危害大，因為那會造成短缺。商品短缺會對市場中依賴這些商品的人帶來可怕的影響。例如，依賴該商品作為投入的建筑的生產(chǎn)效率會極大幅度地降低。短缺需要玩家立即采取行動：無論是快速增加國內(nèi)產(chǎn)出、從其他市場進口，亦或是擴大市場以容納該商品的主要生產(chǎn)者。

Lacking access to a sufficient quantity of Dyes, this poor Textile Mill can only manufacture 42 units of Clothes this week instead of 126, which is entirely insufficient to make ends meet. Unless something changes, its wages will be cut to compensate and eventually Cash Reserves will run dry, rendering the building inoperable as its workers abandon it.

由于缺乏足夠的染料，這家可憐的紡織廠這周只能生產(chǎn)42單位的服裝，而不是126單位，這點數(shù)量遠遠不足以維持生計。除非有其他轉(zhuǎn)機，否則它會削減工資開支來補償這方面的損失，最終儲備現(xiàn)金耗盡后，工人離開，建筑也會無法運行。

If importing Dyes, growing them on Plantations, or manufacturing them in high-tech Chemical Plants to fix the shortage is not an option, returning the Textile Mills to pre-industrial, low-yield handicraft will remove the need for Dyes and restore the Textile Mills to marginal profitability.

如果無法通過進口染料、在種植園種植染料或在高科技工廠制造染料來解決短缺問題，那么將紡織廠恢復(fù)到前工業(yè)的、低產(chǎn)量的手工作坊，來消除對染料的需求，并使紡織廠回到利潤微薄的狀態(tài)。

Astute observers familiar with previous Victorias will note there are no goods stockpiles involved in this system. In the predecessor game a single unit of a goods would be produced, sold, traded, perhaps refined, stored, and ultimately consumed, with global price development determined by how many units are inserted into or removed from the world's total supply. In Victoria 3, a single unit of goods is produced and immediately sold at a price determined by how many consumers are willing to buy it at the moment of production. When this happens prices shift right away along with actual supply and demand, and trade between markets is modelled using Buy and Sell Orders. This more open economic model is both more responsive to sudden economic shifts and less prone to mysterious systemic failures where all the world's cement might end up locked inside a warehouse in Missouri. Any stockpiling in the system is represented as cash (for example through a building's Cash Reserves or a country's Treasury) or as Pop Wealth, which forms the basis for Standard of Living and determines their level of consumption.

熟悉維多利亞前作的精明觀察者們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一系統(tǒng)中不存在商品庫存。在之前的游戲中，一個單位的商品會經(jīng)過生產(chǎn)、銷售、貿(mào)易、可能的精煉、儲存，并最終被消費使用，而全球價格的變化則取決于有多少單位被加入或從世界總供應(yīng)中移除。在維多利亞3中，一單位的商品在生產(chǎn)之后就會被立即售出，價格則由生產(chǎn)當(dāng)下有多少消費者有購買意向而決定。這樣，價格就會實時地跟隨供需變動，而市場之間的貿(mào)易則由購買訂單和銷售訂單模擬。這種更加開放的經(jīng)濟模型能更好地應(yīng)對突然的經(jīng)濟變化，同時也避免了全世界的水泥都被鎖在密蘇里州的一個倉庫導(dǎo)致的神秘系統(tǒng)崩潰。系統(tǒng)中的庫存全部由現(xiàn)金（例如建筑的現(xiàn)金儲備，或是國家的國庫）或是人口財富來表示，后者是生活水平的基礎(chǔ)，同時也決定了人口的消費等級。

As the econ nerds (you know who you are) will by now have intuited, this lack of goods stockpiling in turn implies that in Victoria 3 we have moved away from the fixed global money supply introduced in Victoria 2. The main reason for this is simply due to how many limitations such a system places on what we can do with the economy in the game. With Victoria 2's extremely restrictive and technically challenging closed market and world market buying order, it simply wouldn't have been possible to do things such as Goods Substitution, Trade Routes, dynamic National Markets, transportation costs for Goods and so on in the ways we have, either due to incompatibilities in the design, or simply because it couldn't possibly be made performant. We believe that the complexity, responsive simulation, and interesting gameplay added by this approach more than make up for what we lose.

正如經(jīng)濟學(xué)宅們（你要有自知之明）現(xiàn)在會預(yù)感到的那樣，沒有商品庫存意味著，在維多利亞3中，我們放棄了維多利亞2中引入的全球固定貨幣供給。這么做主要是因為舊系統(tǒng)極大地限制了玩家在游戲中可以對經(jīng)濟做的事。維多利亞2中限制性極大且技術(shù)上充滿困難的封閉市場和世界市場的交易訂單系統(tǒng)，讓我們無法展現(xiàn)諸如商品替代、貿(mào)易路線、動態(tài)全國市場、商品運輸成本等內(nèi)容。要么是因為設(shè)計不兼容，要么就是無法做到高性能的表現(xiàn)。我們相信新模式帶來的復(fù)雜度、響應(yīng)式模擬以及有趣的玩法，足以彌補我們失去的樂趣。

Finally, a small teaser of something we will be talking more about once we get around to presenting the diplomatic gameplay. As you may have gleaned from the top screenshot, it is possible for several countries to participate in a single market. Sometimes this is the result of a Customs Union Pact led by the more powerful nation but more often it's because of a subject relationship with a puppet or semi-independent colonies. In certain cases countries can even own a small plot of land inside someone else's market, such as a Treaty Port. The route to expanding your country's economic power is not only through increasing domestic production and consumption, but also through diplomatic and/or military means.

最后是一個小預(yù)告，我們將在介紹到游戲的外交部分時再具體談?wù)勥@部分內(nèi)容。正如你可能已經(jīng)從上文的截圖中了解到的那樣，多個國家/地區(qū)可能會參與到一個市場中。有時這是由更強大的國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)稅同盟協(xié)定的結(jié)果，但更多時候是因為該國有傀儡或半獨立殖民地之類的附庸關(guān)系。在某些情況下，國家甚至可以在其他人的市場中擁有一小塊土地，例如通商口岸。擴大國家經(jīng)濟實力的途徑不僅是通過增加國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)和消費，也可以是通過外交和/或軍事手段。

The Zollverein, or German Customs Union, is a broad unified market of German states controlled by Prussia. Without such a union many smaller German countries would find their economies too inefficient and trade opportunities severely hampered by geography and lack of access to naval trade.

Zollverein，又稱德意志關(guān)稅同盟，是由普魯士控制的德意志各州的廣泛統(tǒng)一市場。如果沒有這樣的聯(lián)盟，許多較小的德意志國家的經(jīng)濟效率會十分低下，貿(mào)易機會也因為地理因素和缺乏海洋貿(mào)易而受到嚴重阻礙。

That's the fundamentals of Victoria 3's pricing and domestic-trade system! As mentioned, next week we'll take a look at an aspect of the game that’s closely related to markets and pricing: Infrastructure.

以上就是維多利亞3中的價格和國內(nèi)貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容了！正如前文所述，下周我們將著眼于游戲中一個和市場與價格緊密相關(guān)的部分：基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Infrastructure。

翻譯：Antiaccess Parapinakes

校對：三等文官猹中堂

歡迎關(guān)注UP主和主播小牧Phenix！

歡迎關(guān)注牧游社微信公眾號和知乎專欄！微信公眾號改版為信息流，歡迎【置頂訂閱】不迷路，即時獲得推送消息！

B站在關(guān)分組中設(shè)置為【特別關(guān)注】，將會在私信內(nèi)及時收到視頻和專欄投稿的推送！

歡迎加入牧有漢化，致力于為玩家社群提供優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)容！組員急切募集中！測試群組822400145!?