? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??Crosstalk相聲

相聲是一種中國(guó)民間說(shuō)唱曲藝。根據(jù)古籍的記載，早在春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期就已經(jīng)有了相聲。后來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期不斷地融合發(fā)展，相聲最終演變成今天的面貌。中國(guó)相聲源自北京、天津和南京地區(qū)，而后發(fā)展到全國(guó)各地。

Knowing in Chinese as Xiangsheng,?crosstalk is a genre of folk Quyi involving mainly talking and singing.?According to?the records of ancient books,?crosstalk?can trace back?to?the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.?Later on?after a long-term constant?integration with other forms of arts?crosstalk has become what it is today The Chinese Crosstalk originated from Beijing,?Tianjin and Nanjing and spread throughout the entire country.

相聲作為曲藝的門類之一，與評(píng)書、蓮花落、快板等有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系。相聲最初被稱為“像聲”或“象生”，意為模仿、模仿口技和滑稽表演。相聲表演的主要道具興，扇、手絹和醒木。

As one of the folk art forms in China?crosstalk has a close relationship with Pingshu?(storytelling),?Lianhualao(singing accompanied by the performer himself/herself with bamboo clappers(呱噠板))，and Kuaiban (fast boards or bamboo talk) The term "crosstalk", originally known as "xiangsheng" in?Chinese, means acts imitation(模仿)，oralstunts(口技)，andfarce(滑稽戲).?The main props(道具)of?the Crosstalk?include?folding fans,?handkerchiefs and gavel(醒木,小木槌).

相聲有多種分類形式:根據(jù)演出人員人數(shù)的不同，可分為單口、對(duì)口和群口相聲;根據(jù)內(nèi)容格調(diào)的不同，可分為諷刺型相聲、歌頌型相聲和娛樂(lè)型相聲;根據(jù)創(chuàng)作年代的不同，可分為傳統(tǒng)相聲和現(xiàn)代相聲。相聲的主要表現(xiàn)形式是說(shuō)、學(xué)、逗、唱，也需臨場(chǎng)反應(yīng)，插科打諢、隨機(jī)應(yīng)變。

It can be divided into various kinds: in terms of the number of performers,?it can be divided into stand-up(單口)comedy，comic dialogue(對(duì)口相聲)and group?crosstalk; in terms of content style,?it can be classified into sarcastic(諷刺的)crosstalk，praise-type(歌頌型的) crosstalk and recreational(娛樂(lè)的 )crosstalk:?in terms of the time when the script is written?it can be categorized(分類) into traditional crosstalk and modern crosstalk. Besides its major performance skills like shuo(talking),xue(imitating)dou(teasing)and chang (singing)Chinese Crosstalk?requires instant reaction on the stage to make?impromptu(即興的) comic(滑稽的)gestures or remarks(言論).

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相聲的流派眾多，著名的相聲演員有馬三立、侯寶林、劉寶瑞等。20世紀(jì)末，許多著名相聲演員相繼去世，相聲這一行業(yè)也逐漸走下坡路。直2005年以來(lái)，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻網(wǎng)站等新媒體的傳播，喜劇演員郭德綱和德云社迅速崛起，公眾的注意力再次集中在這種喜劇藝術(shù)上。郭德綱希望借此實(shí)現(xiàn)這一逐漸消亡藝術(shù)形式的復(fù)興，并希望通過(guò)德云社的努力，越來(lái)越多的年輕人可以欣賞相聲，或試著自己演繹相聲。

There are many?schools(流派)of?the Chinese Crosstalk among which Ma Sanli，Hou Baolin，Liu Baorui are?prominent(著名的)Crosstalk?performers in China.?By?the end of 20 century, many famous crosstalk performers?died,?and then the crosstalk career was on the decline(正在退減).Since 2005,with the spread of online video sites and other new media?the comedian Guo Degang?and DeYun Community?meteoric rise(迅速崛起)，and?the public attention again focused on this comic arts.?Guo hopes that this means a?revival(復(fù)興)for the dying?art form, and that through the association’s?efforts, more?young people will learn to appreciate it and perhaps train to be crosstalkers themselves.

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相聲作品涉及中國(guó)文化的方方面面，從歷史和民間故事到當(dāng)代社會(huì)問(wèn)題。盡管傳統(tǒng)劇目中有數(shù)百首曲目，但通常都會(huì)根據(jù)時(shí)代和觀眾的需要進(jìn)行改編。

Crosstalk pieces(作品)draw on(利用吸收)every aspect of Chinese culture, from history and folk tales to?contemporary(當(dāng)代的)social issues.?Although there are hundreds of pieces in the traditional?repertoire(全部曲目)They are usually edited to suit the times and the audience.

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當(dāng)下相聲的發(fā)展需要進(jìn)一步貼近時(shí)代，扎根于人民大眾之中，繼承精華、勇于創(chuàng)新。如此才能創(chuàng)作出為人民大眾所喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的相聲作品，滿足人民群眾的文化需求，相聲藝術(shù)也才能重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)和活力。

Currently, it's necessary for Chinese Crosstalk?performers to stay?rooted among the masses(人民大眾)， follow the trend of the times, inherit(繼承)traditional essence and embrace innovation to?innovate.?Only by doing so can they create works that are applauded(稱贊) by the public and satisfy their cultural demand.?And only in this way can they?inject new?impetus(動(dòng)力)to?and reinvigorate(重新煥發(fā)生機(jī))this long-standing art.

撰稿：劉佳

宣傳發(fā)布：戴璐璐