??在工作坊前，我們的嘉賓也向Edward提出了一些問題，但這些問題并沒有在工作坊中詳細提及。應(yīng)Edward的要求，將他回答的內(nèi)容以文本的形式呈現(xiàn)給大家。

??旭梅：你寫作這本書的初衷是什么？是否和你的某些經(jīng)歷有關(guān)？通過這本書，你想要傳達怎樣的觀點和概念？你想要人們通過這本書學(xué)到些什么？

??Xumei: What was your original intention in writing this book? Is this related to any of your experiences? What ideas and concepts do you want to convey through this book? What do you want people to learn from this book??

???

??Edward: My long career has taken me through psychoanalysis (the deep understanding of the individual) to families (I led a treatment program for adolescents and families) to institutions (I directed a hospital system as CEO). I wrote papers in each of these areas about what I learned. Then, I was hired to study citizens in two presidential elections. And throughout I directed and staffed numerous group relations conferences, where I learned about larger systems and the projective use of other people. As my career ended, I realized that I was learning something about the psychology of and developmental course toward the role of an active citizen.?

??愛德華：我漫長的職業(yè)生涯引領(lǐng)我從精神分析（對個體的深度理解）到家庭層面（我曾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過一個針對青少年和家庭的治療項目），再到機構(gòu)層面（我曾以CEO的身份領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過一個醫(yī)院）。我對每一個我學(xué)習(xí)過的領(lǐng)域都寫過論文。之后，我受雇在兩次總統(tǒng)選舉中研究公民。在這期間，我做了大量的團體關(guān)系會議的主任和顧問，通過它們，我了解到更大的系統(tǒng)以及他人的投射性使用。當(dāng)我的職業(yè)生涯結(jié)束時，我意識到我所學(xué)習(xí)的正是關(guān)于活躍的公民角色的心理學(xué)和發(fā)展過程。

??I am trying to make more accessible the ways we represent something important for other people, some of which is irrational and projective but, nonetheless, land on accurate aspects of ourselves. I indicate why that integration (between who we think we are and who other people see us as) is important, but difficult to achieve. I am also trying to convey the importance of institutional mission ( a shared task on behalf of society's needs), to bring people together across differences and help them develop a social voice.

??我正在努力使他人更容易理解我們所呈現(xiàn)的重要事項，雖然其中有一些是不理性以及主觀投射性的，但是，它們會在我們自己身上造成精準(zhǔn)的沖擊。我表明了為什么整合（在我們的自我認(rèn)同與他人所見到的我們之間）是重要的，但它很難實現(xiàn)。我同時也在努力傳達屬于機構(gòu)的使命（一項代表著社會需求的共享任務(wù)）的重要性，它們跨越分歧，將人們聚在一起，并幫助他們發(fā)出社會水平的聲音。

??John: You speak of creating global citizens as though it is a doable task But it is a very complex underlying, like let's analyze the human race Please summarize some practical steps. For example, could group relationships conferences be scaled to produce global cities?

??約翰：你討論到創(chuàng)造世界公民，似乎這是一項可以實施的任務(wù)。但它其實有很大的潛在復(fù)雜性，這就仿佛在說：讓我們來分析整個人類種族吧！請你總結(jié)一些實際的步驟。比如說，團體關(guān)系會議能否擴大到產(chǎn)生世界公民？

??Edward: This is an excellent question. I don't think we "create" global citizens. I think each of us discovers the role--and I've tried to lay out the steps toward that discovery in my book. None of them are easy. First, begin to recognize what you carry and represent to others (from your family, your transgenerational history, your body shape and presentation, your roles in various mission-related collectives, and your profession). Second, begin to integrate the difference between your internal view of yourself and the views of you from others -- some of which may be negative). Take up roles in institutions and work across roles to sharpen the missions, recognizing their links to the needs of society. And finally (and this is the most difficult and challenging aspect), learn to develop cross-institutional (systemic) interpretation. For example, to learn about adolescent suicide, you need to listen to the experiences of universities, high schools, parents, adolescents, mental health and addiction clinics, etc.?And, you need to find ways to bring those aspects of learning and experience together. It is a model for collective learning that would take sophisticated and committed leadership to attain.

??愛德華：我并不認(rèn)為我們在創(chuàng)造全球公民。我認(rèn)為我們中的每一個人都發(fā)現(xiàn)了全球公民這個角色，我也努力在書中呈現(xiàn)通往這項發(fā)現(xiàn)的步驟。這些步驟中沒有一個是簡單的。首先，要開始認(rèn)識你擔(dān)任并向他人呈現(xiàn)了怎樣的角色（從你的家庭，你的隔代歷史，你的身體外形及表現(xiàn)，你在各種各樣與某種使命相關(guān)的團體中的角色，以及你的職業(yè)）。其次，要開始整合你對你自己的內(nèi)在看法與他人對你的看法之間的差異，注意，部分他人對你的看法可能是負面的。在機構(gòu)中擔(dān)任角色，通過從事這些角色的工作，以使使命更加顯化，并認(rèn)識它們與社會需求之間的聯(lián)系。最后（這也是最難和最具挑戰(zhàn)性的方面），學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)展跨機構(gòu)（系統(tǒng)性）理解能力。舉例來說，要想了解青少年自殺，你學(xué)要聆聽來自大學(xué)、高中、父母、青少年、精神健康和成癮診所等領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗。然后，你需要找到整合這些學(xué)習(xí)和經(jīng)驗的方式。這是一集體學(xué)習(xí)的例子，它可能需要復(fù)雜而專注的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力才能實現(xiàn)。

??I've tried to outline the shape of a developmental course toward taking up the role of active citizen. Group relations conferences (GRC) are tools, like psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis opens up the hidden aspect of the individual mind. GRCs open the hidden aspects of social engagement.??

??我試圖勾勒出成為活躍公民角色的發(fā)展過程的輪廓。團體關(guān)系會議就像精神分析一樣，是一種工具。精神分析揭示了個體心理的隱藏方面。團體關(guān)系會議則揭示了社會參與的隱藏方面。?

??I understand your question as pointing to the grand task that I've tried to outline. You are right that it is massive, idealistic, and difficult. My hope is that a beginning outline of a potential pathway might help. My last two chapters of the book (Chapters 14, 15, and Conclusion) outline concisely the work I think might be necessary to get there.????

??我將你的問題理解為指出我已試圖勾勒出的宏偉任務(wù)。你說得對，這項任務(wù)是宏大的，理想化的，困難的。我的愿景是一個潛在道路的初步的輪廓能夠有所幫助。我在書的最后兩章中簡明地概括了我所認(rèn)為的，實現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)的所必要的工作。

??哲琦：你如何理解團體中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的角色、任務(wù)與責(zé)任？

??Zheq: How do you understand the role, tasks, and responsibilities of leaders in a group?

??Edward: In Chapter 6 of my book, I try to answer your question in more detail. But, concisely, the leader is located at the external boundary of the organization, helping to negotiate and shape the mission around the institution's capacities, history, etc., and the needs of the society. She manages authority distribution within, shapes the various institutional functions with a leadership group, authorizes leadership from below, makes herself available with openness to learning, etc.

??愛德華：我書中的第六章，是對你的問題更加詳細的回答。但簡要來說，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者定位于組織的外側(cè)邊界，幫助協(xié)商并塑造圍繞著機構(gòu)能力的使命、歷史和社會需要等。她管理著內(nèi)部的權(quán)力的分配，與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊一同塑造著各種各樣的機構(gòu)職能，授權(quán)下屬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，使得她自己能夠開放地學(xué)習(xí)，等等。

??最后，Edward在第二天通過郵件又表達了他的一些想法。以下是郵件的內(nèi)容。

??Thank you very much for your invitation. I learned a lot from the conversation. I want to offer something I learned back to those of you who are reading my book.

??Finding a Place to Stand is at its heart, not about concepts, it's about experience. The challenge of understanding what I'm saying is a challenge to identify with my experience. What gets in the way is the too-quick feeling that I come from a different culture, etc. When that happens, you skip the small steps and go to the end, my grand speculations about "global citizenship".

??When I said, "think small", I meant to start with the beginning, the family, the group, and the organization.?

??So, for me, the conversation came alive when several of your respondents spoke about their experience, "we are told to listen, not to speak." That, too, might too quickly go to the political. But everyone knows from their families how we might be told not to speak, to listen. I could understand that experience and could join it.

??So, the question for the reader, is something like, "How is he talking about MY experience?" "How do these ideas reflect MY world?"

??Those are the small steps across cultures, toward global citizenship.

??I hope this helps. Thanks for the opportunity.

??非常感謝你的邀請。在對話中，我學(xué)到了很多東西。我想將自己所學(xué)到的一些東西提供給我的讀者。

??《尋找立足之地》的核心不是概念，而是經(jīng)驗。理解我所說的內(nèi)容是一種挑戰(zhàn)，也是認(rèn)同我的經(jīng)驗的挑戰(zhàn)。困難來自于過快的感覺，即我來自不同的文化，等等。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，你會跳過一些小步驟，直奔終點，也就是我關(guān)于“全球公民身份”的宏觀思考。

??當(dāng)我說“從小處著眼”時，我的意思是從一開始，從家庭、團體和組織開始。

所以，對我來說，當(dāng)幾位受訪者談到他們的經(jīng)歷時，對話變得活躍起來。“我們被告知要多聽，而不是發(fā)表言論”，這也可能過于快速地轉(zhuǎn)向政治。但是每個人都從他們的家人那里知道，我們可能會被告知不要多說話，要多聽。我能理解這種體驗，并能加入其中。

??所以，讀者的問題是“他是如何談?wù)?strong>我的經(jīng)歷的？”，“這些想法如何反映我的世界？”

??這些都是跨越文化，邁向全球公民身份的一小步。

??我希望這能有所幫助。謝謝你給我這個機會。