翻譯練習(xí)題：龍圖騰

對(duì)龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。中國(guó)龍是古人將魚(yú)、蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過(guò)程同步。在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開(kāi)拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。

譯文

Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish,snake,horse and ox with cloud,thunder,lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese,the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

翻譯練習(xí)題：東方明珠

東方明珠廣播電視塔(the Oriental Pearl TV Tower)坐落于上海陸家嘴浦東園區(qū)。東方明珠東北是楊浦大橋，西南是南浦大橋，構(gòu)成“二龍戲珠"的畫(huà)面。這幅壯觀的畫(huà)面常年吸引著成千上萬(wàn)的游客。這座468米高的電視塔是世界上第三高的電視廣播塔。整個(gè)電視塔建造在茂盛的綠草地上，像玉盤(pán)里的一顆珍珠一樣閃閃發(fā)亮。這座超現(xiàn)代的電視塔將古老的概念，如球形的珍珠，和21世紀(jì)的技術(shù)、商業(yè)、娛樂(lè)、教育和會(huì)議設(shè)施相結(jié)合，真是很神奇。

參考翻譯:

Located in Pudong Park in Lujiazui，Shanghai,the Oriental Pearl TV Tower with the Yangpu Bridge in the northeast and the Nanpu Bridge in the southwest,creates a picture of"two dragons playing with a pearl”.This magnificent scene attracts thousands of visitors all year long.This 468-meter-high tower is the world's third highest TV and radio tower.The entire structure rests on rich green grassland and gives the appearance of a pearl shining on a jade plate.It is amazing that this ultra-modern TV tower combines ancient concepts such as the spherical pearls,with technology,commerce,recreation,educational and conference facilities of the 21st century.

翻譯練習(xí)題：家中度假

家中度假(staycation)是指一個(gè)人或一家人待在家里休息，或者在離家不遠(yuǎn)的景點(diǎn)游覽的一段時(shí)光。人們?cè)诩抑卸燃俚脑蚝芏?，如家庭預(yù)算緊張、出游成本不斷攀升，或者孩子太小。對(duì)于大多數(shù)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)。節(jié)假日期間景區(qū)人山人海，高速公路、城市道路擁堵(congestion)，是促使他們家中度假的兩大主要原因。常見(jiàn)的家中度假活動(dòng)包括在家里招待朋友、游覽當(dāng)?shù)氐墓珗@和博物館，或參與當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┕?jié)日活動(dòng)等。家中度假也可以豐富多彩，它將成為一種新的度假趨勢(shì)。

參考翻譯:

A staycation refers to a period in which an individualor a family stays at home for relaxing or takes tripsto nearby tourist attractions.There are variousreasons for people to take a staycation,like tightfamily budgets,rising travel costs or having veryyoung kids.For the majority of Chinese people,overcrowded tourist sites,congestion onexpressways and city roads during holidays are the two major factors contributing to theirstaycations.Common activities of a staycation include entertaining friends at home,visitinglocal parks and museums,and attending local festival colebfations.A staycation can be rich andcolorful,and it will become a now trend for vacation.

翻譯練習(xí)題：北京大學(xué)

北京大學(xué)于1898年成立，原名為京師大學(xué)堂(the ImperialUniversity of Peking)。該大學(xué)的成立標(biāo)志著中國(guó)近代史上高等教育的開(kāi)始。在中國(guó)近代史上，它是進(jìn)步思想的中心，對(duì)中國(guó)新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)、五四運(yùn)動(dòng)及其他重要事件的發(fā)生頗有影響。今天，國(guó)內(nèi)不少高校排行榜將北京大學(xué)放入國(guó)內(nèi)頂尖大學(xué)之列。該校重視教學(xué)和科學(xué)研究。為提高本科生教育和研究生教育質(zhì)量、保持其領(lǐng)先研究機(jī)構(gòu)的地位，學(xué)校已做出很大努力。此外，學(xué)校尤以其校園環(huán)境及優(yōu)美的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑而聞名。

參考翻譯:

Originally known as the Imperial University ofPeking,Peking University was established in1898.The establishment of the University markedthe beginning of higher education in China's modernhistory.In modern history of China,it was a center forprogressive thought and was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement,theMay Fourth Movement and many other significant events.Today,Peking University was placedby many domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China.The universitylays emphasis on both teaching,and scientific research.It has made great efforts to improvethe undergraduate and graduate education,and maintain its role as a leading researchinstitution.In addition,the University is especially renowned for its campus environmentand the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.

翻譯練習(xí)題：杭州歷史

杭州歷史悠久，是中國(guó)的七大古都之一，是國(guó)家首批命名的歷史文化名城，有“上有天堂、下有蘇杭”的美譽(yù)。

自秦朝設(shè)縣治以來(lái)，至今已有2200多年的歷史。杭州是華夏文明的發(fā)祥地之一，早在8000多年前，就有人類(lèi)在此繁衍生息。距今5000多年的良渚文化被史界稱(chēng)為“文明的曙光”。

杭州曾是五代吳越國(guó)和南宋王朝兩代建都地，被13世紀(jì)意大利旅行家馬可?波羅贊嘆為“世界上最美麗華貴之城”。

參考譯文：

Hangzhou

Renowned as one of China's seven Ancient Capitals,historic Hangzhou is proudly among the first group of cities that the central government designated as Historic and Cultural City.Hangzhou shares with Suzhou the ultimate fame of Paradise on Earth.

Hangzhou's history goes back over 2,200 years to the Qin Dynasty which first brought in the rule of County System.

There are also vidences which prove the existence of human settlement early as 8,000 years ago,affirming Hangzhou as one of the cradles for the Chinese Civilization.

Again,the local Liangzhu Culture that emerged 3,000 years later comes to be known as the Dawn of Civilization.

Marco Polo,the Italian traveler of the 13th century,lauded Hangzhou as"the world's most magnificent and noble city."

翻譯練習(xí)題：亞洲人民

近代以來(lái)，亞洲經(jīng)歷了曲折和艱難的發(fā)展歷程。亞洲人們?yōu)楦淖冏约旱拿\(yùn)，始終以不屈的意志和艱辛的奮斗開(kāi)辟前進(jìn)道路。今天，人們所看到的亞洲發(fā)展成就，是勤勞智慧的亞洲人民不屈不撓、鍥而不舍奮斗的結(jié)果。

亞洲人民深知，世界上沒(méi)有放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展模式，也沒(méi)有一成不變的發(fā)展道路，亞洲人民勇于變革創(chuàng)新，不斷開(kāi)拓進(jìn)取，探索和開(kāi)辟適應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，符合自身實(shí)際的發(fā)展道路，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展打開(kāi)了廣闊前景。

【譯文】

In modern times,Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny,the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.

The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead,they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations,and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.

翻譯練習(xí)題：和平穩(wěn)定

和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人類(lèi)經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展遭受?chē)?yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長(zhǎng)，主要得益于相對(duì)和平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際環(huán)境。

我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)及其安理會(huì)在維護(hù)和平、締造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話(huà)和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端。

我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國(guó)際社會(huì)平等一員，以民主、包容、合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國(guó)內(nèi)部的事情一國(guó)自主辦、大家共同的事情大家商量辦，堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義和國(guó)際合作，推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。

Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development.The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks.It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.

We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping,peace making and peace building.We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

All countries,big or small,strong or weak,rich or poor,are equal members of the international community.We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy,inclusiveness,cooperation and win-win progress.Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all.We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation,and promote democracy in international relations.

翻譯練習(xí)題：吃月餅

關(guān)于吃月餅這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的來(lái)歷有兩個(gè)傳說(shuō)。一個(gè)是唐朝的神話(huà)故事，說(shuō)的是當(dāng)時(shí)地球被10個(gè)太陽(yáng)包圍著。有一天10個(gè)太陽(yáng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在天空中，巨大的熱量幾乎把地球烤焦了。多虧一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9個(gè)太陽(yáng)，地球才被保住。為了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)后羿，王母娘娘賜給后羿一種長(zhǎng)生不老藥，但是王母警告他必須正當(dāng)使用。然而后羿沒(méi)有理會(huì)王母娘娘的警告，他被名利沖昏了頭腦，變成了一個(gè)暴君。后羿美麗的妻子嫦娥對(duì)他的暴行再也不能袖手旁觀，于是她偷走了后羿的長(zhǎng)生不老藥，飛到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。從此就有了關(guān)于月宮仙子嫦娥，這個(gè)月亮上的美麗女人的傳說(shuō)。

There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes.One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it.One day all 10 suns appeared at once,scorching the planet with their heat.It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved.He shot down all but one of the suns.As his reward,the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality,but she warned him that he must use it wisely.Hou Yi ignored her advice and,corrupted by fame and fortune,became a tyrannical leader.Chang-Er,his beautiful wife,could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath.And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon,the Moon Fairy.

翻譯練習(xí)題：中國(guó)龍

對(duì)龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。中國(guó)龍是古人將魚(yú)、蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過(guò)程同步。在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開(kāi)拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。

譯文

Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish,snake,horse and ox with cloud,thunder,lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese,the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

翻譯練習(xí)題：秧歌

多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽(tīng)到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳秧歌舞來(lái)保持健康，同事他們也樂(lè)在其中。

Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces.The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes,and the performance is powerful and rapid.During some festivals such as Spring Festival,Lantein Festival,if people hear the sound of drum and gong,no matter how cold the weather is,they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko.Recent years,the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves,the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

翻譯練習(xí)題：絲綢之路

絲綢之路(the Silk Road)是歷史上連接中國(guó)和地中海的一條重要貿(mào)易路線(xiàn)。因?yàn)檫@條路上的絲綢貿(mào)易占絕大部分，所以在1877年它被德國(guó)的一位地理學(xué)家命名為“絲綢之路”。這條古道從長(zhǎng)安開(kāi)始，經(jīng)過(guò)河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到達(dá)敦煌后分成三條：南部路線(xiàn)，中部路線(xiàn)和北部路線(xiàn)。這三條路遍布新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后擴(kuò)展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至羅馬。

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road,in 1877,it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an,then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang,where it divides into three,the Southern Route，Central Route and North?ern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autono?mous Region,and then they extend as far as Pakistan,India and even Rome.

翻譯練習(xí)題：山體滑坡

都江堰中興鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生山體滑坡(landslide)——這是2008年四川地震時(shí)受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重的地方。山體滑坡覆蓋了大約兩平方公里，摧毀了至少11所房子。到目前為止，已有200多名居民被疏散。山體滑坡幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，巡邏隊(duì)員到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，一切都已經(jīng)是一片汪洋。目擊者描述石頭和殘骸(debris)從山上滾下來(lái)，不到三分鐘就把八座房屋吞沒(méi)了。

The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan—one of the places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.The landslide,which covered about 2 sq km,damaged at least 11 homes.So far more than 200 residents have been evacuated.By the time patrol members arrived at the scene,a few hours after the landslide，everything was already a vast expanse of water.Eyewitnesses described stones and debris running down the hill and covering around eight homes in less than three minutes.

翻譯練習(xí)題：四合院結(jié)構(gòu)

—個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的四合院通常由一個(gè)位于中心的院子和四側(cè)房屋構(gòu)成。門(mén)通常漆成紅色，并有大的銅門(mén)環(huán)。通常情況下，全家人住在大院。北端的正房由長(zhǎng)輩居住,年輕_代生活在兩側(cè)的房子,朝南的房子里,通常是家庭客廳或書(shū)房。

A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with a yard in the center.The gates are usually painted red and have large copper door rings.Usually，a whole family lives in compound.The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end,the younger generations live in the side houses,and the south house is usually the family sitting room or study.

翻譯練習(xí)題：秦始皇陵墓

秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)坐落在陜西省西安市臨潼區(qū)以東5公里的驪山北部，是中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)皇帝的最終休眠之地。它于公元前246年開(kāi)始建造,工程持續(xù)了38年。它占地面積56.25平方公里，是中國(guó)歷史上最大的陵墓。

The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang,located at the northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers east of Lintong District,Xi’an City,Shanxi Province,is the final resting place of the first emperor in the history of China.Its construction lasted for 38 years,commencing in 246BC.With an area of 56.25 square kilometers,it’s the largest mausoleum in China’s history.

翻譯練習(xí)題：中國(guó)出境游

聯(lián)合國(guó)下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)游客對(duì)全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國(guó)人去年花在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長(zhǎng)了40%。聯(lián)合國(guó)世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說(shuō)，這一增幅令中國(guó)迅速超越德國(guó)和美國(guó)。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個(gè)國(guó)家。2012年德美兩國(guó)出境旅游支出均同比增長(zhǎng)6%,約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organiza?tion show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record$102 billion on outbound tourism last year,a 40%rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.—the former No.1 and No.2 spenders,respectively一which both saw tourist outlays increase 6%year-on-year to around$84 billion in 2012,the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.

翻譯練習(xí)題：中國(guó)家庭文化

在傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)家庭文化中，同一祖先的幾代后裔(descendants)居住在一起，形成一個(gè)大家庭。這種自治(autonomous)家族制度是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的基本單位。中國(guó)的孩子們跟隨他們父親的姓。這和西方文化是一樣的。如今在中國(guó)，孩子跟父親的姓或母親的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因?yàn)榻Y(jié)婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人們的姓氏都是一樣的。

In traditional Chinese family culture,descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big fam?ily system.This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society.Chinese children follow their father’s fam?ily name.This is the same as western culture.Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’s family name or mother’s family name.Within each family system,of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.

翻譯練習(xí)題：中國(guó)園林視角

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，中國(guó)在自然中尋求靈感和自知之明(self-knowledge)。因此，在中國(guó)園林中引發(fā)自然世界。由于城市土地一直昂貴，中國(guó)城市的園林相對(duì)都比較小，但是每一個(gè)中國(guó)園林都致力于巖石、植物、水看起來(lái)比它實(shí)際上要更好，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)的園林設(shè)計(jì)師用巧妙的方式帶領(lǐng)游客從一個(gè)獨(dú)特的有利視角(vantage point)到另有利視角。

For centuries,the Chinese have sought inspiration and self-knowledge in nature.Hence,the gardens in China evoke the natural world.Because land has always been expensive in cities，urban China gardens are relatively small,but the space of every Chinese garden de?voted to rocks，plants and water seems much greater than it actually is because of the clever ways in which Chinese garden designers lead the visitor from one unique vantage point to another.

翻譯練習(xí)題：旅游赤字

中國(guó)旅游研究院(China Tourism Academy)表示，大陸游客(mainland tourist)在海外旅游上花費(fèi)了420億美元。同時(shí)，海外游客(overseas tourists)只花了380億美元在中國(guó)大陸，同比下降7%。雖然2009的官方統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)還沒(méi)有公布，研究院估計(jì)2009年的旅游赤字將是4億——中國(guó)旅游業(yè)首次赤字。

China Tourism Academy,said that mainland tourists spent some$42 billion in overseas destinations.At the same time，overseas tourists spent only$38 billion on the mainland,down by 7 percent year-on-year.Though official statistics for 2009 are yet to be released,the academy estimated that the tourism deficit will stand at$4 billion in 2009—the first ever tourism deficit in China.

翻譯練習(xí)題：中國(guó)的多樣化

中國(guó)是一個(gè)文化、語(yǔ)言、風(fēng)俗和經(jīng)濟(jì)水平都很多樣化的地方。經(jīng)濟(jì)格局尤其多樣化。大城市如北京，廣州和上海是現(xiàn)代的，相對(duì)富裕的。然而，約50%的中國(guó)人仍然生活在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，盡管中國(guó)只有10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。數(shù)百萬(wàn)農(nóng)村居民仍然依靠體力勞動(dòng)或役畜(draft animal)耕作。兩三百萬(wàn)農(nóng)民遷到城鎮(zhèn)尋找工作。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，南部和東部沿海地區(qū)比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)。

China is a very diverse place with large variations in cul?ture,language,customs and economic levels.The economic landscape is particularly diverse.The major cities such as Beijing,Guangzhou and Shanghai are modem and comparatively wealthy.However,about 50%of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10%of China’s land is arable.Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual labour or draft animals.Some 200 to 300 million former peasants have23 migrated to townships and cities in search of work.Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas,the far west and north,and the southwest are much less developed.

翻譯練習(xí)題：中國(guó)服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)

上個(gè)月中國(guó)服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)有了較快增長(zhǎng)，這加快了國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)北京國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)和中國(guó)物流與采購(gòu)聯(lián)合會(huì)(China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing)的數(shù)據(jù)，非制造業(yè)釆購(gòu)經(jīng)理人指數(shù)(the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers"Index)二月份的時(shí)候從54.5上升到55.6，而摩根斯坦利亞太指數(shù)(the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes)從52.1上升到54.3，達(dá)到5月以來(lái)的最高水平。

The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month which helped to accelerate the nation’s economy growth.According to the figures from Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing,the non-manufacturing Purchas?ing Managers’Index rose to 55.6 from 54.5 in February,while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3,its highest level since May.