新概念英語(yǔ)第一次21-41課 復(fù)習(xí)筆記
口語(yǔ)表達(dá)
What's in it?
-A piece of cheese. / A pound of sugar.
Can you make the tea?
-Yes, of course.
Where's the tea? -It's over there, behind the teapot. over there :那，在那。
Hurry up!
Can you come here a minute please?(工作場(chǎng)合常用）?-Yes，sir？
Can she type this letter for me？ - Ask her please. - Yes, sir.
表達(dá)是否喜歡：Do you like coffee? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
表達(dá)是否想要：Do you want any sugar? - Yes, please. /No, thank you.
選擇疑問(wèn)句： Do you want beef of lamb? -Beef, please. / Lamb, please.
-To tell you the truth. I don't like chicken either! (to tell you the truth=to be honest=to be frank)
-either:也 （否定）
問(wèn)來(lái)自哪里
-Where do you come from? - I come from Greece.
-Where are you from? - I?am from Greece.
問(wèn)氣候climate，天氣weather：
-What's the climate like in your country? - It's very pleasant.
-What's the weather like in spring? - It's often windy in March. / It's always?warm in April and May, but it rains sometimes.
Which season ( fruit / subject / sport )?do you like best? - I like spring and summer. The days are long and the nights are short. The sun rises early and sets late.
Is that all? - That's all, thank you.
不舒服：What's the matter with him?? -He feels ill.
電話號(hào)碼：Can you remembeer the doctor's telephone number? / What's the doctor's telepone number
-It's 09754 ( zero nine seven five four)
感冒： He has a cold. / He catches a cold.
發(fā)燒： He has a fever. / He has a temperature.
臥床休息： He is in bed.
打算干什么： be going to do?
- What are you going to do this evening, Jill? - I'm going to meet some friends, Dad.
表示要求，命令
- You mustn't come?home late. You must be home at half past ten.? - I can't home so early, Dad.
- Can I have the key to the front door, please? - No, you can't.
問(wèn)一個(gè)人怎么樣？ - What‘s Ron Marston like, Pauline? -He's awful.?
預(yù)約 - Do you have an appointment? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定疑問(wèn)句，表示請(qǐng)求。- Can't you wait till this afternoon?
- I can wait,?but my toothache can't.
分類詞匯
四季：
spring， summer， autumn - fall ， winter
月份：
January，F(xiàn)ebruary, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
星期：
Sunday， Monday , Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
天氣：
pleasant，sunny， rainy， snowy, windy , warm, hot , cold .
身體部位/ 面部器官：
head， neck ，arm , hand , leg , foot feet , eye , eyebrow , nose , mouth , tongue舌頭?, ear, face .?
病痛（常以ache結(jié)尾的詞）
headache , earache , toothache , stomachache , backache ,
食物 greengrocer's 蔬菜水果店
meat：pork ， beef , fish , lamb , chicken , mince , steak ,?
vegetable:? tomato，potato ， cabbage卷心菜?, lettuce萵筍 ， pea 豌豆， bean 豆角，
語(yǔ)法
量詞L21
a piece of : 一片 a piece of cheese
a loaf of :?一條? a loaf of bread （ loaf:指條狀物）
a bar of: 一塊 a bar of soap & a bar of chocolate
a bottle of: a bottle of milk
a pound of：a pound of sugar
a tin of : a tin of tobacco tin：罐子&罐頭
方位詞
1.in 在...里面
in the kitchen?
in the room?
in the middle of 在...中間
2.out: ...出來(lái)
Some children are coming are coming out of the building.
Some of them are going into the park.
?come out of: 從... 出來(lái)
go into : 進(jìn)去...
in & into ? （into 更強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)去）
She in the hospital.
She gets into the hospital.
3.on
1.在...表面上
?on the wall ?& on the floor
2.方位
on the left & on the right
3.靠近，臨近
The village is on a rive.
4.over 在...上面
on & over on:表面有接觸 over：在上方，沒(méi)有接觸。
There is a book on the floor.
The aeroplane is flying over the river.
5.under 在...下面
under the tree & under the table
6.in front of 在...的前面
I'm going to put it here, in front of the window.
區(qū)分 兩個(gè)表示位置的短語(yǔ) in front of & in the front of
in front of : 表示在范圍之外的前面
我們的教室前面有一顆樹(shù)（教室外）There is a tree in front of the classroom.
in the front of : 表示在范圍之內(nèi)的前面
我們的教室前面有一塊黑板（教室內(nèi)）There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
e.g. in front of ??There is a car in front of our bus.
in front of??There is a young driver in the front of our bus.
7.behind 在...后面
?Where‘s the tea? ?- It's over there,?behind the teapot.
He is behind the plan. 他是主謀。
8.across 橫穿，橫過(guò)
It's running across the grass. an expedition across Africa
9.near 離...近
The armchairs are near the table.
The stereo is near the door.
10. between 在...中間
Our village is in a valley. It is between two hills. 村莊處在山谷中，它在兩座小山中間。
11.along ?沿著...
My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river. 我和我妻子沿著河岸一直走。
Walk along this street and turn left at the second corner.?
3.代詞
some，one , ones?
使用這三種代詞的目： 避免重復(fù)
some : 指代名詞
Where are the cups? - There are some in the cupboard. (some?? some cups）
one , ones : 不定代詞
one
L11
Give me a book please, Jane.
Which book? This one?
No , not that one. The red one. (one??glasses)
ones
L12
Give me some glasses please, Jane.
Which glasses? These glasses?
No, not those. The ones on the shelf. (one??glasses)
4.及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞
及物：后面跟東西??名詞或者名詞性短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。
I like coffee.
I want a cup of coffee.
不及物：后面不直接跟賓語(yǔ)，也可以完整地表達(dá)意思。
I run.
Birds fly.
通過(guò)句型，短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否及物。
5.頻率副詞
often經(jīng)常
always經(jīng)常，總是
sometimes有時(shí)，偶爾（數(shù)字+times：表示次數(shù)）
He telephone me four times yesterday, and three times the day before yesterday.
6.時(shí)間的表達(dá)
季節(jié)，時(shí)間，天氣：用人稱代詞 it 作主語(yǔ)。
1.整點(diǎn)時(shí)間表達(dá)
數(shù)字+o'clock ?
e.g. It is six o"clock.
It is six o'clock a.m.
It is six o'clock p.m.
sharp:整點(diǎn) It's six o'clock sharp.
2.一刻，幾刻，半
quarter：刻?
It is a quarter to four. 現(xiàn)在是3點(diǎn)45。 / 差一刻4點(diǎn)
It's a quarter past eight. 現(xiàn)在是8點(diǎn)15。8點(diǎn)過(guò)一刻。
It's three quarters past ten. 現(xiàn)在是10點(diǎn)45分。
It's ?half pass eight. 8:30。
3.直接讀出數(shù)字
8:30 It is half pass eight. / It is eight thirty1:22 It is one twenty-two.
5:43 It is five forty-three.
7.反身代詞 oneself
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
enjoy oneself! 祝...玩的開(kāi)心
enjoy yourself! ?祝你玩的開(kāi)心
enjoy yourselves! 祝你們玩的開(kāi)心
8.have = have got 擁有
I have two interesting story books.
I have got two interesting story books.
have的另一種用法：從事，進(jìn)行
L41 have a bath 洗澡 have a cigarette 吸煙
have a glass of whisky 喝一杯威士忌
have lunch 吃午飯
have dinner 吃晚飯
9.用所有格表示地點(diǎn)
在英語(yǔ)中，表示某一種商店，可以省略shop。
at the butcher's
at the greengrocer's
at the hairdresser's
at the doctor's
at my mother's
10.數(shù)量
序數(shù)詞
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
twenty first （twenty+first 通過(guò)最后個(gè)位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)）
twenty second
twenty third
twenty fourth
形容物體的量：many，much , a lot of 修飾名詞
many：加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
Teddy has many books. (book可數(shù)名詞）
much：加不可數(shù)名詞
I don't have much money. (money不可數(shù)名詞）
a lot of: 既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
a lot of books & a lot of money
注意：在使用短語(yǔ)修飾名詞的時(shí)候，要首先判斷名詞是：
?可數(shù)名詞countable noun,
?還是不可數(shù)名詞uncountable noun。
11.方式狀語(yǔ)
go to ?school by bus/ car / bike / ship / plane?
?on foot 步行?
12.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can : 表示“能力”
I can swim.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not構(gòu)成
I cannot swim. = I can‘t swim.?
疑問(wèn)句：把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放句首，后面跟句子的主語(yǔ)和主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
Can you swim?
特殊用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定疑問(wèn)句，表示請(qǐng)求。
Can't you wait till this afternoon
13.時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
I am a boy. & He goes to work.
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)里，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱（he, she , it)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成單三形式。（加s/es）
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事件。
She‘s sitting under the tree. He's climbing the tree.
結(jié)構(gòu)：be 的現(xiàn)在時(shí)（ am，is ，are） + 現(xiàn)在分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞 ：
a.對(duì)于大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞來(lái)說(shuō)，在動(dòng)詞后面直接加ing形式就可以構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞。
doing / climbing
b.以字母e結(jié)尾的單詞：去e + ing ?
e.g. make?? making
c.如果動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)元音字母，后面跟了一個(gè)輔音字母，則需要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ing。
e.g. running / sitting
一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去發(fā)生的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。
結(jié)構(gòu)：
1.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)：
第一，第三人稱單數(shù)：was ; 其他的情況 ： were
e.g. I was a student. & We were good friends.
2.be 動(dòng)詞以外的動(dòng)詞
a. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，在動(dòng)詞后加ed
e.g. answer?? answered
b.以字母e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加d
e.g. telephone ?? telephoned & arrive?? arrived
c.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
e.g. do ?? did & say?? said
