沒有特別幸運(yùn)，那么請先特別努力，別因?yàn)閼卸瓒。€矯情地將原因歸于自己倒霉。你必須特別努力，才能顯得毫不費(fèi)力。

考研的意義在于你真正投入的過程，請務(wù)必堅(jiān)持信念，守得云開見月明！

臨近考研我們和同學(xué)們一樣緊張，也時刻關(guān)注著今年考研的動態(tài)，對每年的各專業(yè)的考研題目研究解析，這篇文章是針對川美環(huán)藝考研真題做的深度解析?。〞r刻更新歷年真題中）

一、真題展示?

二、題目解讀?

1、為了建筑、城市、景觀環(huán)境的“可持續(xù)”，建筑學(xué)、城市規(guī)劃學(xué)、景觀建筑學(xué)學(xué)科開始了可持續(xù)人類聚居環(huán)境建設(shè)的思考。近幾年美院也是針對這個話題不斷的進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)研究，這也一直是考試考察的熱點(diǎn)。

在 2018 年初試專業(yè)快題中已經(jīng)有考察到“濱水咖啡館”這個構(gòu)筑物設(shè)計(jì)，這次的“生態(tài)水吧”設(shè)計(jì)可以在原有基礎(chǔ)上加一些“生態(tài)”的元素，甚至是直接套原圖，再次印證了歷年考試考題的重要性。

2、這類偏建筑的考題，在最初構(gòu)思的時候需要考慮空間布局，即空間的功能分區(qū)問題。在這個咖啡廳當(dāng)中，自然會存在售賣區(qū)域、客座區(qū)域（室內(nèi)室外）、衛(wèi)生間、操作間等，在題目給到的紅線范圍內(nèi)，合理安排以上空間的位置和大小，而不是只在乎其形式問題。

3、整張快題中需要明確表現(xiàn)出來的核心點(diǎn)在于水吧自身與“生態(tài)”的關(guān)系，如果只是單純的畫了一個造型還不錯的水吧，沒有任何場域環(huán)境表現(xiàn)和主題表現(xiàn)的話，也沒有辦法取得高分，甚至直接視為套題。

因此，在整個設(shè)計(jì)過程中，我們需要充分考慮“生態(tài)”對于這個建筑體來說是怎么樣的存在，甚至于說，我們在分析圖方面更多的表現(xiàn)“生態(tài)”技術(shù)，不僅僅是從自然材質(zhì)入手，更多的可以融入生態(tài)技術(shù)，比如雨水收集、自然光照明、綠色植物塑造等等，設(shè)計(jì)一個獨(dú)一無二的與“生態(tài)”息息相關(guān)的特色水吧。

4、例如，從能源的可持續(xù)利用角度進(jìn)行考慮，對于水吧的頂面可以進(jìn)行特別設(shè)計(jì)。夏季和冬季，對于水吧頂面的通氣口的處理有所不同：在夏季，由于煙囪效應(yīng)，熱空氣被排出，避免了熱量分層，而在冬季，它們像溫室一樣發(fā)揮作用：積聚太陽能，并在建筑物內(nèi)重新散發(fā)。所有這些都無需成本，也無需特別技術(shù)的投入。

想探索的就是這個想法：在建筑的分析和模擬上比僅技術(shù)投入更多，從而創(chuàng)建能源系統(tǒng)混合型的建筑。這代表了朝著生態(tài)時代邁進(jìn)的建筑的真正變化，氣候極端情況下帶來的巨大環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)成為了創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的機(jī)遇。

那么這個出發(fā)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)表現(xiàn)，更多的就需要分析圖來做說明。也或者是將分析圖以泡泡圖的形式遍布在整個畫面效果當(dāng)中，作補(bǔ)充說明。

5、但如果對于生態(tài)技術(shù)了解的不多，無法在分析圖中有過多“生態(tài)”元素的表現(xiàn)，那么對于環(huán)境氛圍的營造就變得尤其重要了。因此對于各個場景的拿捏和掌握是我們在練習(xí)各個種類的快題中需要不斷積累和練習(xí)的。

三、示范快題?

更多院校真題陸續(xù)更新中

四、實(shí)際案例?

在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，我們在不斷思考，芙蓉湖公園對于住宅的意義是什么？它對于這片區(qū)域的居民的意義是什么？設(shè)計(jì)面對場地內(nèi)文化、生態(tài)、社會問題的復(fù)雜交織，率先確定了“綠色基底”的調(diào)性。利用“生態(tài)”所具備的柔性、流動性和滲透性，對城市斑塊進(jìn)行生態(tài)填補(bǔ)，讓公園成為城市結(jié)構(gòu)中的“粘合劑”。同時構(gòu)建多樣生活場景，吸引周邊社區(qū)居民融入，實(shí)現(xiàn)公園“無界”的理念。未來的芙蓉湖公園，不僅僅是一個的城市公園綠地，更是社區(qū)和城市之間的強(qiáng)力紐帶。

▼場地與概念分析，analysis diagram??林德設(shè)計(jì)

In the design process, we are constantly thinking, what is the significance of Furong Lake Park to the residence? What does it mean for the residents of this area? Faced with the complex interweaving of cultural, ecological and social issues within the site, the design took the lead in determining the tone of the “green base”. Utilize the flexibility, fluidity and permeability of “ecology” to ecologically fill urban patches and make parks become the “glue” in the urban structure. At the same time, a variety of life scenes will be constructed to attract residents from the surrounding communities and realize the concept of “unbounded” in the park. The future Furong Lake Park is not only an urban park and green space, but also a strong link between the community and the city.

▼公園總體鳥瞰，aerial view of the project??三映建筑景觀攝影

自然與城市咬合緊密，公園與住宅相互拼接。設(shè)計(jì)希望能將自然拼接進(jìn)城市乃至社區(qū)，營造一個有溫度、有生活、有情感的公共社交場所。市民的生活是千姿百態(tài)的，人們對空間的使用也經(jīng)常能夠帶來驚喜，只有人的使用才能給一個城市開放空間帶來無限的活力，同時也完成對空間的完整定義。比空間更重要的，是連接人與自然，人與人之間的關(guān)系。在這里，你將享受的是公園里的小確幸時光 。

Nature and the city are closely intertwined. The park and the house are connected to each other. The design hopes to splice nature into the city and even the community, creating a public social place with warmth, life and emotion. The lives of citizens are varied, and people’s use of space can often bring surprises. Only human use can bring infinite vitality to an urban open space and at the same time complete the complete definition of space.?More important than space is the connection between man and nature, and the relationship between man and man. Here, what you will enjoy is a little fortunate time in the park.

▼六大主題空間，six theme of the project??林德設(shè)計(jì)

綠氧時尚全齡樂園
Green Oxygen Fashion Paradise Full Age

孩子是公園的活力和生機(jī)之源，設(shè)計(jì)借助樹屋主題，意圖打造集標(biāo)示性、主題性、趣味性于一體全齡成長空間。場地以水之藍(lán)為基調(diào)，采用現(xiàn)代、簡潔、流暢的線條，打開空間，營造別開生面的活力、趣味的兒童成長樂園。大面積的藍(lán)色，成為這個空間的焦點(diǎn)，讓人聯(lián)想大海、天空，尤如沉浸在無盡靜謐的海水中，舒服、放松。以多樣親子互動器械增強(qiáng)場景的生動性，自帶“網(wǎng)紅”屬性，成為整個場所的記憶點(diǎn)。

Children are the source of vitality and vitality in the park. The design uses the theme of the tree house to create a whole-age growth space that integrates iconicity, theme and fun. The venue is based on the blue of water, using modern, concise and smooth lines to open up the space and create a vibrant and interesting children’s growth paradise. The large area of blue becomes the focal point of this space, reminiscent of the sea and the sky, as if immersed in the endless tranquil sea, comfortable and relaxing. A variety of parent-child interactive devices are used to enhance the vividness of the scene, with its own “net celebrity” attribute, which becomes the memory point of the entire place.

▼綠氧時尚全齡樂園總體概覽，overall of the Green Oxygen Fashion Paradise Full Age??三映建筑景觀攝影

▼集標(biāo)示性、主題性、趣味性于一體全齡成長空間，a whole-age growth space that integrates iconicity, theme and fun??三映建筑景觀攝影

▼場地以水之藍(lán)為基調(diào)并設(shè)有沙池，The venue is based on the blue of water and has a sand pool??三映建筑景觀攝影

在如今的后疫情時代，公園連接著城市與生活。我們認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造一個讓人們在自然中消磨時間的空間至關(guān)重要。他們可以在這里和孩子散步、休息、野餐、運(yùn)動，形成一個活躍的，以社區(qū)為導(dǎo)向的無界水岸公園。

In today’s post-epidemic era, parks connect the city and life. We believe that creating a space for people to spend time in nature is very important. They can walk, rest, picnic, and exercise with their children in an active, community-oriented unbounded waterfront park.

▼孩子們在沙池中玩耍，Children playing in the sand pool???三映建筑景觀攝影

▼種類豐富的游樂設(shè)施，Rich variety of rides???三映建筑景觀攝影

水上漂藝術(shù)走廊
Floating Art Corridor

源于自然，匠心打造，公園改造現(xiàn)狀水面成為內(nèi)湖美景，并在雨水收集，凈化，本土植物種植，植物多樣性進(jìn)行了大量的實(shí)踐和探索，提升了新城的整體生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物多樣性。設(shè)計(jì)多種多樣的全年齡的社交場所，提供實(shí)現(xiàn)幸福美好生活的城市公共開放空間。

Originated from nature and crafted with ingenuity, the current water surface of the park has been transformed into the beautiful scenery of the inner lake. A lot of practice and exploration have been carried out on rainwater collection, purification, native plant cultivation, and plant diversity, which has improved the overall ecological environment and biodiversity of the new city. Design a variety of social places for all ages to provide urban public open spaces that realize a happy and beautiful life.

▼水上漂藝術(shù)走廊總體概覽，overall of the Floating Art Corridor??三映建筑景觀攝影

▼水上漂藝術(shù)走廊鳥瞰，aerial view of the Floating Art Corridor??三映建筑景觀攝影

以生態(tài)為主題，沿湖種植蘆葦、香蒲，菖蒲，設(shè)計(jì)架空棧道，穿行與濕地植物區(qū)，體會公園良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物多樣性，使孩子們在自然中學(xué)習(xí)和觀察世界。這里同時也是青少年戶外教育基地。

With ecology as the theme, reeds, cattail and calamus are planted along the lake, and the aerial boardwalk is designed to walk through the wetland plant area, experiencing the good ecological environment and biodiversity of the park, so that children can learn and observe the world in nature. It is also an outdoor education base for teenagers.

▼傘狀結(jié)構(gòu)具有避雨、排水以及雨水收集的作用，Umbrella structure has the function of sheltering from rain and collecting rainwater??三映建筑景觀攝影

漂浮森心會客室
Floating Mori Reception Room

架空棧道系統(tǒng)也為人們感受美景提供了豐富途徑。棧橋穿梭在湖泊之間，通過緩坡與園路連為一體；濱水棧道作為陸地向水面伸展的一部分，使人們得以更接近水體，親近自然。

The overhead plank road system also provides rich ways for people to experience the beautiful scenery. The trestle bridge shuttles between the lakes and is connected with the garden road through a gentle slope; the waterfront plank road, as a part of the land extending to the water surface, allows people to get closer to the water body and get closer to nature.

▼漂浮森心會客室總體概覽，overall of the Floating Mori Reception Room??三映建筑景觀攝影

公園不僅是住宅居民的一處休閑綠地，同時也激活了城市多功能共享生活空間。在公園里慢跑或散步，在平臺廣場上活動或觀賞，在湖岸邊與水親近，亦或是在草坪上快意追逐奔跑……公園里不同尺度空間的場所，滿足了大部分居民活動的需求。公園不再是只有特定時間，特定需求才會被使用，而是時時刻刻都被需求，全天候充滿生機(jī)與活力的城市公園空間，它正體現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的生命價值。

The park is not only a recreational green space for residential residents, but also activates the city’s multifunctional shared living space. Jogging or walking in the park, activities or watching on the platform plaza, getting close to the water on the lake shore, or chasing and running freely on the lawn… The spaces of different scales in the park meet the needs of most residents’ activities . The park is no longer only a specific time and specific needs will be used, but a city park space that is required all the time, full of vitality and vitality all the time, it is embodying a strong life value.

▼漂浮森心會客室對面的親水平臺，Waterfront platform facing to the Floating Mori Reception Room??三映建筑景觀攝影

▼城市多功能共享生活空間，city’s multifunctional shared living space??三映建筑景觀攝影

繽紛歡樂劇場Colorful Joy Together

在感性的城市空間里，漫無目的地行走，我們嘗試在這復(fù)雜的社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)里，創(chuàng)造與熟人和陌生人偶遇的機(jī)會，我們可以因?yàn)橹就篮隙嘧R，也可以因?yàn)槟吧闷娑豢棥２煌娜后w相互交錯融合，正是城市公園所具有的魅力。

Walking aimlessly in the perceptual urban space, we try to create opportunities for encounters with acquaintances and strangers in this complex social network. We can meet because of like-minded people, or we can be intertwined because of strangers and curiosities. Different groups are intertwined with each other, which is the charm of urban parks.

繽紛歡樂劇場Colorful Joy Together

在感性的城市空間里，漫無目的地行走，我們嘗試在這復(fù)雜的社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)里，創(chuàng)造與熟人和陌生人偶遇的機(jī)會，我們可以因?yàn)橹就篮隙嘧R，也可以因?yàn)槟吧闷娑豢?。不同的群體相互交錯融合，正是城市公園所具有的魅力。

Walking aimlessly in the perceptual urban space, we try to create opportunities for encounters with acquaintances and strangers in this complex social network. We can meet because of like-minded people, or we can be intertwined because of strangers and curiosities. Different groups are intertwined with each other, which is the charm of urban parks.

▼繽紛歡樂劇場概覽，overall of the Colorful Joy Together??三映建筑景觀攝影

在現(xiàn)場體驗(yàn)這里的公園空間，感受這里的一切，回想從無到有的過程，無論是通宵趕圖，為了獲得最佳的效果，一改再改，不斷論證方案，還是收到特發(fā)的指令，一路向北，像踩著風(fēng)火輪一樣趕去現(xiàn)場給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報，看著眼前的一切都覺得值了！

Experiencing the park space here, feeling everything here, recalling the process from scratch. Whether it is rushing to the map overnight, in order to obtain the best effect, change and change, continue to demonstrate the plan, or receive special instructions. All the way to the north, rushed to the scene to report to the leaders like stepping on a hot wheel, and looked at everything in front of me and felt that it was worth it!

▼劇場旨在創(chuàng)造與熟人和陌生人偶遇的機(jī)會，The theater aims to create opportunities for encounters with acquaintances and strangers??三映建筑景觀攝影

漂浮親水吧
Floating and Enjoy the Water

美好的景觀不僅能吸引人們來到這里，更能吸引小動物來這里安家，植物在這里也生長得很繁茂。大自然的風(fēng)、光、湖，植物、動物等，與人形成一個自然共生的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。在此項(xiàng)目中，設(shè)計(jì)師除了創(chuàng)造更能還原生活，滿足人們精神層面需求，有體驗(yàn)，有情感的景觀場景，我們沒有辜負(fù)場地原有的優(yōu)質(zhì)水系資源，對自然湖泊的邊界稍加修整，駁岸自然入水，讓人們更有機(jī)會接近水面，植物搭配上大多數(shù)選用鄉(xiāng)土樹種、蜜源植物以及水生植物，更吸引小動物的加入。

The beautiful landscape not only attracts people to come here, but also attracts small animals to settle here. Plants also grow luxuriantly here. Nature’s wind, light, lakes, plants, animals, etc. form a natural symbiosis ecosystem with people. In this project, the Designer created a landscape scene that can restore life better, meet people’s spiritual needs, experience, and emotion. We did not live up to the original high-quality water resources of the site, and the boundary of the natural lake was slightly refurbished and reveted. Natural entry into the water gives people more opportunities to get close to the surface of the water. Most of the plants are matched with native tree species, nectar plants and aquatic plants, which attracts the addition of small animals.

▼漂浮親水吧總體概覽，overall of the Floating and Enjoy the Water??三映建筑景觀攝影

林間氧氣吧Oxygen In the Forest

公園的無界，是讓城市景觀與自然景觀相互滲透，人類在這里是參與者，放棄主導(dǎo)和控制，強(qiáng)調(diào)融入和體驗(yàn)。人的活動軌跡與日月星辰、花鳥魚蟲的顯隱交織，最終成為無界空間中的普通元素之一。

The unboundedness of the park is to allow the urban landscape and the natural landscape to penetrate each other, where humans are participants, giving up dominance and control, and emphasizing integration and experience. The trajectory of human activity is intertwined with the sun, moon, stars, flowers, birds, fish, and insects, eventually becoming one of the common elements in the unbounded space.

▼林間氧氣吧概覽，overall of the Oxygen In the Forest??三映建筑景觀攝影

想起一位同行的話——景觀設(shè)計(jì)師就是創(chuàng)造這個世界的人！想來可能有點(diǎn)夸張了！我想我們暫時可能還沒做到吧，但起碼我們是能整合各種元素，用我們微薄的力量，不斷平衡大自然和人類的關(guān)系，讓這個世界在變好。我想這大概就是景觀設(shè)計(jì)師的價值所在！

Think of a colleague’s words: Landscape Architect is the person who created this world! It may be a bit exaggerated! I think we may not have done it yet, but at least we can integrate various elements and use our meager power to constantly balance the relationship between nature and humans, so that the world is getting better. I think this is probably the value of landscape architects!

▼公園步道與點(diǎn)綴其間的景觀小品，Park trails and landscape pavillons interspersed between them??三映建筑景觀攝影

▼花叢間的步道，path between flowers??三映建筑景觀攝影

打破邊界，連接公園、城市與社區(qū)，
讓自然住在身邊，與自然親密觸碰，
我們將不斷繼續(xù)，用景觀連接無限可能，
敬請期待……

Break boundaries.Link parks, cities, and communities.
Let nature live nearby, touch nature intimately,
We will continue to connect unlimited possibilities with the landscape,
Stay tuned…

▼讓自然住在身邊，與自然親密觸碰，Let nature live nearby, touch nature intimately??三映建筑景觀攝影

▼總平面圖，master plan??林德設(shè)計(jì)

項(xiàng)目名稱: 周口萬達(dá)芙蓉湖生態(tài)城市公園
項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：河南省周口市
業(yè)主：河南萬達(dá)置業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司
景觀設(shè)計(jì)：林德設(shè)計(jì)
景觀設(shè)計(jì)主創(chuàng)：戎正瑤
攝影：三映建筑景觀攝影
項(xiàng)目面積:110916 ㎡
開工時間: 2020年4月
竣工時間: 2021年6月

Project Name: Zhoukou Wanda Furong Lake Ecological City Park
Project Location: Zhoukou City, Henan Province
Client: Henan Wanda Real Estate Group Co., Ltd.
Design Company Name: Inter Design
Chief Designer: RebeccA Rong
Photographer: Shine LAB
Project Area: 110916 m2
Start Date: April 2020
Completion Date: June 2021

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