挪威苔原 挪威苔原上的北極光和野生馴鹿 馴鹿在北美被稱為北美馴鹿，是為了生活在寒冷的北極地區(qū)，比如挪威苔原地區(qū)，在那里，這群馴鹿被拍到在刺眼的北極光漩渦下。馴鹿進化出獨特的特征，幫助它們在這些惡劣的環(huán)境中茁壯成長。他們的鼻子在空氣進入肺部之前就已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了加熱，這有助于在最冷的天氣里保持穩(wěn)定的體溫。它們的大部分身體，包括蹄子，都覆蓋著厚厚的毛皮，以保持良好的隔熱性。事實上，它們更容易過熱然后結(jié)冰，所以當(dāng)它們今晚在繁星點點的天空中飛行時，它們會比穿著紅色天鵝絨的圣誕老人感覺到更像是在偷偷摸摸對。馴鹿1823年，隨著《圣尼古拉斯的來訪》這首詩被引入圣誕傳說，克萊門特·克拉克·摩爾（Clement Clarke Moore）創(chuàng)作的《圣誕前夜》（The Night Before Christmas）描繪了一幅圣誕老人和他的雪橇，由八只會飛的馴鹿Dasher、Dancer、Prancer、Vixen、Comet、丘比特、Donner和Blitzen駕駛。1939年，羅伯特·L·梅為他的雇主蒙哥馬利·沃德（Montgomery Ward）創(chuàng)作了一篇關(guān)于紅鼻子與圣誕老人格格不入的故事，以此作為百貨公司圣誕促銷活動的一部分。在流行文化中，著名的馴鹿通常被稱為雄性（也許，除了維克森？）但是，由于這些動物通常被描繪成鹿角完好無損，所以季節(jié)性拉雪橇的人更有可能是雌性。這是因為雄性馴鹿在12月初的交配季節(jié)結(jié)束時會脫落鹿角，而雌性馴鹿則在整個冬季都會活動較薄的鹿角。（被閹割的雄性遵循一個與雌性馴鹿相似的鹿角周期，但我們沒有

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Known in North America as caribou, reindeer are built to live in freezing Arctic regions like northern Norway, where this herd was photographed under the transfixing swirl of the aurora borealis, or northern lights. Reindeer have evolved unique features that help them thrive in these harsh environments. Their noses are adapted to warm the air they breathe before it enters their lungs, which helps maintain a steady body temperature even in the coldest of weather. And most of their bodies, including their hooves, are covered with thick, dense fur to keep them well insulated. In fact, they are more likely to overheat then freeze—so when they're flying through the starry skies tonight, they'll be feeling snugger than Santa Claus in his red velvet suit.Reindeer were introduced to Christmas lore in 1823 with the poem 'A Visit from St. Nicholas,' also known as 'The Night Before Christmas.' Written by Clement Clarke Moore, the verses paint a picture of a Santa Claus and his sleigh, driven by eight flying reindeer—Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, and Blitzen. In 1939, Rudolph was added to Santa's squad when Robert L. May created a story about the red-nosed misfit for his employer, Montgomery Ward, as part of a Christmas promotion for the department store. The famous reindeer are often referred to as males in pop culture (except, maybe, Vixen?), but as the animals are typically depicted with their antlers intact, it is more likely the seasonal sleigh-pullers are female. This is because male reindeer shed their antlers at the end of the mating season in early December, while females sport their thinner antlers throughout the winter. (Castrated males follow an antler cycle that's similar to female reindeer, but we don't

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